2.  Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◦ Causes AIDS ◦ People with HIV can live with the virus without symptoms  HIV is a lentivirus ◦ Transmitted as RNA, integrated into DNA  Transmitted through bodily fluid ◦ Can be sexually transmitted, through blood, or through breastmilk

3.  Destroys blood cells that fight diseases ◦ CD4 ◦ T cells  Three stages of infection ◦ Acute infection ◦ Latency ◦ AIDS

4.  Final stage of HIV infection  Lower CD4 and T cell counts  Opportunistic infections

5.  No cure yet, only treatment ◦ Antiretroviral cocktail that increases latency period of HIV  The best option is prevention ◦ Safe sex ◦ No intravenous drugs or shared needles

6.  Non-human primate in Africa ◦ SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus)  Transferred to humans in late 19 th or early 20 th century ◦ Unknown cause, but possibly bushmeat  Spread to epidemic level in Africa ◦ Possible causes of spread:  Social changes caused by colonization/urbanization  Widespread unsterile injections in antibiotic era

7.  Thought to have come from Haiti  First cases emerged in the early 1980s ◦ Unusual cases of pneumocytosis pneumonia (PCP) in several homosexual men in Los Angeles ◦ Other opportunistic infections, like Kaposi’s sarcoma  Called other things first- “GRID,” “4H disease” ◦ GRID: gay-related immune deficiency ◦ 4H disease  Affected homosexuals, hemophiliacs, heterosexual intravenous drug users, Haitian immigrants ◦ First called AIDS in 1982

8.  Homophobia  Associated with risky behaviors ◦ Prostitution, drug use  People didn’t know what it was at first ◦ Thought it was more contagious  Stigma is unfair because of different modes of transmission ◦ What about kids born with it? Transmission through blood transfusion?

9.  Clip from “Philadelphia,” 1993  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1SCFIqiI pQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1SCFIqiI pQ

10.  Movies, TV, Broadway ◦ “Philadelphia,” starring Tom Hanks ◦ RENT  Advocacy groups ◦ CARE ◦ AIDS United ◦ Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS ◦ (RED)

11.  http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/basic/index.htm http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/basic/index.htm  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV  http://www.thebody.com/index/whatis/basics.html http://www.thebody.com/index/whatis/basics.html  http://www.healthcentral.com/sexual-health/h/HIV-AIDS- symptoms.html http://www.healthcentral.com/sexual-health/h/HIV-AIDS- symptoms.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_AIDS#Bushmeat_pract ice_as_the_most_plausible_cause http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_AIDS#Bushmeat_pract ice_as_the_most_plausible_cause