1. Date of download: 6/28/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Two-Dimensional Unsteady Simulation of All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2015;8(1):011019-011019-14. doi:10.1115/1.4030737 Schematic of the all-VRFB showing the components, current collectors, porous electrodes, membrane, and reservoirs Figure Legend:

2. Date of download: 6/28/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Two-Dimensional Unsteady Simulation of All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2015;8(1):011019-011019-14. doi:10.1115/1.4030737 A comparison of the simulated and experimental charge–discharge curves for C30=1440 mol/m3. The other parameter values are given in Tables 1–3. Figure Legend:

3. Date of download: 6/28/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Two-Dimensional Unsteady Simulation of All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2015;8(1):011019-011019-14. doi:10.1115/1.4030737 A comparison of the simulated charge–discharge curves for C30=1080 mol/m3, C30=1260 mol/m3, and C30=1440 mol/m3. The other parameter values are given in Tables 1–3. Figure Legend:

4. Date of download: 6/28/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Two-Dimensional Unsteady Simulation of All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2015;8(1):011019-011019-14. doi:10.1115/1.4030737 Contours of the V(III) and V(IV) concentrations while charge (a) and during discharge (b) corresponding to the cycle C30=1440 mol/m3 shown in Fig. 3. Referring to Fig. 1, the line x1 represents the electrode/current–collector interface and x2 = 0.004 m represents the electrode/membrane interface. The dimensions in x and y directions are represented in meters. Figure Legend:

5. Date of download: 6/28/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Two-Dimensional Unsteady Simulation of All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2015;8(1):011019-011019-14. doi:10.1115/1.4030737 Coulombic, voltage, and energy efficiencies for electrolyte concentrations: C30=1080 mol/m3, C30=1260 mol/m3, and C30=1440 mol/m3. The current was I = 10 A, and the flow rate was ω=1 ml/s. The other parameter values are given in Tables 1–3. Figure Legend:

6. Date of download: 6/28/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Two-Dimensional Unsteady Simulation of All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2015;8(1):011019-011019-14. doi:10.1115/1.4030737 A comparison of simulated charge–discharge curves for three volumetric flow rates with initial concentration of C30=1080 mol/m3. The charge times are 2010 s for ω=1 ml/s, 2034 s for ω=2 ml/s and 2058 s for ω=3 ml/s. The other parameter values are given in Tables 1–3. Figure Legend:

7. Date of download: 6/28/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Two-Dimensional Unsteady Simulation of All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2015;8(1):011019-011019-14. doi:10.1115/1.4030737 Contours of V(III) and V(IV) concentration while charge (a) and during discharge (b), in the negative and positive electrode at t = 2034 s (end of charge) for ω=2 ml/s. Referring to Fig. 1, the line x1 represents the electrode/current–collector interface and x2 = 0.004 m represents the electrode/membrane interface. The dimensions in x and y directions are represented in meters. Figure Legend:

8. Date of download: 6/28/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Two-Dimensional Unsteady Simulation of All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2015;8(1):011019-011019-14. doi:10.1115/1.4030737 Simulated charge–discharge curves for three electrode porosity values, with initial concentration of C30=1080 mol/m3. These charge times are 2298 s for ε=0.6, 2010 s for ε=0.68, and 1788 s for ε=0.8. The other parameter values are given in Tables 1–3. Figure Legend:

9. Date of download: 6/28/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Two-Dimensional Unsteady Simulation of All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2015;8(1):011019-011019-14. doi:10.1115/1.4030737 Contours of the V(III) and V(IV) concentration while charge (a) and during discharge (b) corresponding to the cycle, porosity ɛ =0.6 at t = 2298 s (end of charge). Referring to Fig. 1, the line x1 represents the electrode/current–collector interface and x2 = 0.004 m represents the electrode/membrane interface. The dimensions in x and y directions are represented in meters. Figure Legend:

10. Date of download: 6/28/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Two-Dimensional Unsteady Simulation of All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2015;8(1):011019-011019-14. doi:10.1115/1.4030737 Contours of the V(III) and V(IV) concentration while charge (a) and during discharge (b) corresponding to the cycle, porosity ɛ =0.8 at t = 1788 s (end of charge). Referring to Fig. 1, the line x1 represents the current collector/electrode interface and x2 = 0.004 m represents the electrode/membrane interface. The dimensions in x and y directions are represented in meters. Figure Legend:

11. Date of download: 6/28/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Two-Dimensional Unsteady Simulation of All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2015;8(1):011019-011019-14. doi:10.1115/1.4030737 Simulated charge–discharge curves for three electrode porosity values, with initial concentration of C30=1080 mol/m3. These charge times are 4137 s for I = 5 A, 2010 s for I = 10 A and 1379 s for I = 15 A. The other parameter values are given in Tables 1–3. Figure Legend:

12. Date of download: 6/28/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Two-Dimensional Unsteady Simulation of All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2015;8(1):011019-011019-14. doi:10.1115/1.4030737 Contours of the V(III) and V(IV) concentration while charge (a) and during discharge (b) in the positive and negative electrode at t = 4137 s (end of charge) for current I = 5 A, the line x1 denotes the current collector/electrode interface and x2 = 0.004 m represents the membrane/electrode interface. The dimensions in x and y directions are represented in meters. Figure Legend:

13. Date of download: 6/28/2016 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Two-Dimensional Unsteady Simulation of All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2015;8(1):011019-011019-14. doi:10.1115/1.4030737 Contours of the V(III) and V(IV) concentration while charge (a) and while discharge (b) in the positive and negative electrode at t = 2010 s (end of charge) for current I = 10 A. The line x1 denotes the current collector/electrode interface and x2 = 0.004 m denotes the membrane/electrode interface. The dimensions in x and y directions are represented in meters. Figure Legend: