1. Incorporating Howard Gardner’s Eight Intelligences Jonathan Deutsch

2. Gardener’s Eight Intelligences Linguistic Logical & Mathematical Visual & Spatial Musical Bodily & Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic

3. Linguistic Intelligence Student demonstrates an above average ability to use, or an above average preference to the written word

4. Logical & Mathematical Intelligence Student prefers to use logic to problem- solve, and requires the student have an ability to find patterns and reason

5. Visual & Spatial Intelligence Student demonstrates an ability to “think in pictures” and visualize the outcomes. – Despite this, Gardener believed that blind students would be able to develop spatial intelligence

6. Musical Intelligence Students with musical intelligence can compose music and use rhythm, singing and other musical techniques to learn

7. Bodily & Kinesthetic Intelligence Student demonstrates an ability to use his or her body and movements to solve problems

8. Interpersonal Intelligence Students demonstrate high ability involving social skills and communication with people around them

9. Intrapersonal Intelligence Student demonstrates an ability to problem solve on his or her own, using contemplation, analyzing and reflection

10. Naturalistic Intelligence Student demonstrates skills using the natural world around him or her to make decisions and distinctions between things

11. Lesson Planning Using the Multiple Intelligences It will prove difficult for teachers to touch on each of these intelligences in a single lesson plan – It is possible to incorporate the use of each intelligence in multiple lesson plans covering one unit

12. Lesson Planning Using the Multiple Intelligences Not all students will respond to each intelligence – Teachers should work, using each type, to better cultivate each student’s multiple intelligences – Lessons should be open to all students, and allow each student an equal opportunity, regardless of intelligence type

13. Implementing a Unit Using Multiple Intelligences A simple lesson on the American Civil War can be enhanced with the use of lessons geared toward each intelligence

14. A Plain Lesson American Civil War – Teacher has students read a hand-out to obtain information about the war – A class discussion is prompted after the reading to answer any remaining questions – Homework is assigned as a way of reinforcement and assessment

15. Linguistic Lesson American Civil War – Teacher has class read different primary sources related to the war – Students dissect the readings to find their importance – Students, for homework, go home and write their own “primary source” for the war

16. Logical & Mathematical Lesson American Civil War – Battle techniques for the North and South are studied to find patterns and relationships in fighting style – In groups, students create their own patterned battle plan – Students, overnight, work on their battle plan to be presented in class the following day

17. Visual and Spatial Lesson American Civil War – Teacher passes out photographs from the war – Students look at the photographs and attempt to discern the importance of the people and places – Students are assigned the task of creating their own Civil War “photographs”

18. Musical Lesson American Civil War – Students listen to popular songs from the time of the Civil War – Students dissect the songs to find their importance and relevance to the war – In groups, students attempt to create their own songs

19. Bodily & Kinesthetic Lesson American Civil War – Students work with the idea of pantomime to create some of the more important events of the war Body gestures and movements work to offer much insight into what is happening – Students, overnight, create a solo pantomime demonstrating one event they find particularly interesting

20. Interpersonal Lesson American Civil War – Students get in groups with one student acting as an interviewer and the others as important people from the Civil War – The students change roles and continue the interview – Students present their interview to the class in a “television news” style

21. Intrapersonal Lesson American Civil War – Students are placed in groups of two in situations that parallel some of the reasons for the Civil War – Each student, in turn, must figure out his or her own way of solving the dilemma

22. Naturalistic Lesson American Civil War – Students take, if possible, a field trip to a local Civil War battleground – Students can look at the natural surroundings of the area (hills, trees, grass areas) and attempt to recreate the battle, or figure out the outcome from the lay of the land

23. Other Techniques To cover smaller subjects, all of these ideas can be encompassed, or made smaller to fit into the time allotted for the lessons Depending on the needs or wants of the students, these ideas can be changed to work with the class

24. Resources Encyclopedia of Educational Technology – “Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences” – General Editor: Bob Hoffman © 1994-2004 San Diego State University –URL: http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/Articles/multiintell/index.htm http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/Articles/multiintell/index.htm