1. Intro to Manual Drafting
Drafting Techniques

2. Alphabet of lines
Lines that are used in the process of creating the objects that are to be manufactured
These lines have meaning in their thickness, shape and location in the drawing.

3. Scale and Scales The term scale has two meanings
Scale – Is to represent an object in a drawing that is proportional to the actual object.
Scale – tool used to produce scaled drawings. Common scales are Architect’s and Engineering . Engineering scales have increments of 10th of an inch. Architect’s scales have increments of customary fractions

4. Drawing lines
Horizontal lines – drawn with t-square or parallel bars usually drawn left to right
Vertical lines – drawn with triangle set squares from bottom up. The lines are drawn with the triangle supported by the t-square or parallel bar.
Inclined lines – drawn with set squares. Lines inclined to left are drawn from top down. Lines inclined to the right are drawn from bottom up.

5. Erasing Keep instruments clean to minimize smudges
Use an erasure shield whenever possible to erase only what is needed
Remove erasure crumbs as soon after erasing as possible.
Erasing is inevitable, use of construction lines makes erasures easier and more complete

6. Drawing Circles/arcs Circles and Arcs are drawn using a compass
The compass is set to the radius of the desired circle. Do this by drawing a line on a piece of paper the length of the radius. Place the point of the compass on end of the line and the lead of the compass on the other
Drawing the circle – After the compass is set, place the point of the compass at the center point of the circle and twirl the compass between thumb and forefinger clockwise to form the circle. Lean the compass into the direction of rotation.
Circle Templates – Circles can also be drawn using templates with. This process takes two lines drawn perpendicular to each other and this allows alignment of template.

7. Attaching paper to the board
The drafting sheet should be attached to the drafting board with drafting tape
To ensure that the paper is attached in a proper position, align the long edge of the paper with the parallel bar or t-square.
This positioning is critical to square the drawing on the paper. Place a small piece of tape on the upper left hand corner of the paper and then the lower right corner. To finish, place tape on the upper right and lower left.

8. Formatting the drawing sheet
Standard formatting of a drawing sheet starts before the drawing begins.
Standard formatting consists of 3 basic items:
Border line around the perimeter of the paper ½” in from the edge. This line defines the drawing space
Title block can be a small box in the lower right hand corner or a second ½” line above the border. 1/8” lightly drawn guidelines are drawn in the title blocks for needed information
Notes are added as needed in the drawing and in the title blocks to define title of drawing, drawer, scale and date.

9. Review
In drafting room language, the characteristics of standard lines are defined as the
The alphabet of lines
Why is it important for a drafter to be able to measure accurately
Almost every line on a drawing must be a measured line. If drawings are to be accurate a drafter must be able to measure accurately

10. Review In drafting, the term scale has two meanings, what are they?
Scale – Is to represent an object in a drawing that is proportional to the actual object.
Scale – tool used to produce scaled drawings. Common scales are Architect’s and Engineering . Engineering scales have increments of 10th of an inch. Architect’s scales have increments of customary fractions

11. Review List and describe two types of scales
Engineer’s scale – Scale is marked in increments of 1/10th
of an inch
Architect’s scale – Scale is marked in increments of
customary fractions
Horizontal lines are drawn using________________________
T-square or a parallel bar
Vertical lines are drawn using___________________
Triangle Set Squares

12. Review
When erasing, the _________is often used to protect surrounding areas
Eraser shield
Circles and arcs are drawn with a_______________
Compass
The recommended method of attaching drawing sheets is________________
Drafting Tape