1. GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT THROUGH WATER CONSERVATION EFFORTS IN PUNJAB
Dr. S. K. Jain, Regional Director,
M. L. Angurala, Scientist-D
Central Ground Water Board- NWR Chandigarh

2. Punjab state

3. Aquifer system in Punjab
Saline Water Aquifer System In South Western Punjab
Fresh Water Aquifer System In North And Central Punjab

4. Ground water scenario in Punjab
MAY 2015
MAY 1985

5. Ground water scenario in Punjab

6. Behaviour of water level in fresh water aquifers Patiala and Sangrur district

7. Behaviour of water level in Fresh water aquifers of Bathinda and Amritsar districts

8. Behaviour of water level in saline water aquifers of Jalandhar and Kapurthala districts

9. Behaviour of water level in saline water aquifers of Ferozpurand Muktsar districts

10. District wise categorization of blocks of Punjab state as on 31. 03
S. N.
District
Total Blocks
Over-Exploited
Critical
Semi-Critical
Safe 1
AMRITSAR 8 - 2
BARNALA 3
BATHINDA 7 4
FARIDKOT 5
FATEH GARH SAHIB 6
FEROZEPUR 10
GURDASPUR 14
HOSHIARPUR 9
JALANDHAR
KAPURTHALA 11
LUDHIANA 12
MANSA 13
MOGA
MUKTSAR 15
NAWAN SHAHR 16
PATIALA 17
ROPAR 18
MOHALI 19
SANGRUR 20
TARN TARAN
Total
138
110 22

12. GROUND WATER QUALITY
The Electric Conductance values of water samples from shallow aquifer range from 198 to 8415 µS/cm at 25°C.
40 % of water samples have EC less than 750, 51% have between 750 and 3000 and the remaining 9% of the samples have EC above 3000µS/cm.

13. WATER CONSERVATION

14. RAIN WATER HARVESTING
In the Over-exploited blocks, farm Ponds (recharge Pits) will help in accelerating ground water recharge. A program for construction of farm ponds be launched emphasizing the concept of “Khet Ka Pani Khet Me”

15. Use of treated sewerage water by farmers in Dasuya and Sultanpur Lodhi blocks in Punjab
tttt

16. Solar Power Based Presurised Pipe Irrigation By Group Of Farmers In Kandi Belt In Hoshiarpur District

17. Improving the Conveyance Efficiency:
There are around lakh tube wells in the state and out of which around 10.2 Lakh are operated by farmers for irrigation through unlined/Katcha open channel system to discharge water from the tube well to the agricultural field. In this process huge (up to 30%) quantity of ground water is lost as seepage, leakage and evaporation.
Around 73% of the tube wells are of shallow depth (< 70m) and remaining are deeper ( m) with few wells of > 150 m depth. Thus majority of wells are tapping Aquifer group-1 which is under stress due to overexploitation.

18. Improving the Conveyance Efficiency:
The overall efficiency of the irrigation systems in the fields varies from 30 to 40% which can be increased to 60 to 70 % by adopting efficient water management strategies.
by adopting Under Ground Pipe Line system, the water lost by seepage, leakage and evaporation during conveyance from source to the crops can be reduced. In addition to it, 3-4% of land occupied by open water channels can be brought under cultivation.

19. Precision land leveling
Precision land leveling gives much better results than the earlier devices. Benefits of Laser leveling are:
More level and smooth surface.
Reduces time and water required to irrigate the field.
Uniform distribution of water in the field.
Uniform moisture environment of the crops.
Uniform germination and growth of crops.

20. Irrigation Scheduling
Proper scheduling of irrigation to crops is an important component of water saving technologies.
A tensiometer is used to schedule the irrigation in the paddy fields can upto 30 % of water.
Avoid flood irrigation and adopt improved irrigation methods like
Furrow Irrigated Raised Beds and
Furrow Irrigation method in wide row crops

21. Renovation of Village Ponds
The Village Ponds Have Now Become Dumping Ground For Domestic Waste Water.
The Quality Of Pond Water Is Not Only Suitable For Irrigation But Loaded With Nutrients,
It Needs To Be Utilized Suitably After Natural Treatment For Direct Irrigation Use.

22. Renovation of village ponds
In Seechewal village, district Jalandhar (Pb), the sewerage and waste water is collected through underground Pipeline in a pond. This pond has been modified for treatment of waste water from the village. After treatment, this treated waste water is supplied through 5HP pump for irrigation over a command area of more than 10 acres.
The farmers using this waste water for irrigation stated that “ground water abstraction, use of fertilizers and electricity has eventually banished”.
There is need to extend this model to all villages of the state as it will in reducing environmental degradation, less power consumption, reduced stress on ground water and use of fewer fertilizers.

23. Conclusions
The erratic cropping pattern along with obsolete agricultural practices has created a hydrological imbalance in Punjab.
The increasing dependence on ground water has resulted in over exploitation of ground water resources.
Strategies for the rational use of water have to be adopted.
All stake holders i.e. the scientists, researchers, extension workers and farmers should join hand to save this precious resource.

24. Conclusions- Contd.
The State ground Water Authority should be set up on lines of Central Ground water authority to regulate and control the Ground Water Development.
There need to revamp agricultural power supply and pricing structure.
Farmer, the ultimate user of water he needs to be made aware of the griming situation of water resources and the techniques of water conservation.
Community participation at village level may encouraged