1. Technology Transfer Network on Rainwater Harvesting

2. “INTERNATIONAL NETWORK DISSEMINATION AND ROUNDTABLE EVENT” HARARE, 28 SEPTEMBER 2015 BASELINE SURVEY OUTCOMES AND IMPLICATIONS ON RWHI ACTIVITIES boaventura.cuamba@gmail.com ajleao62@gmail.com

3. Presentation Outline Introduction; The methodology; Major results; Applicability to other arid and semi arid regions and implications.

4. Part 1 Introduction

5. Water Issues in Subsaharan Africa-1 Food insecurity is a problem for millions of people in semi- arid areas of Sub-Saharan Africa; It is largely caused by the over dependence on rain-fed agriculture in regions where the rainfall pattern is erratic and unreliable, and droughts are recurrent.

6. Water Issues in Subsaharan Africa-2 The potential of rainfed farming can be unlocked significantly through rainwater harvesting and storage for supplemental irrigation; Rainwater harvesting for irrigation (RWHI) is a simple and low-cost water supply technique that involves capturing and storing of rainwater from roof and ground catchments for irrigation uses.

7. The AFRHINET Initiative-1 Trying to respond to this need, the Universities of Hamburg (Germany), Addis-Ababa (Ethiopia), Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe), Nairobi (Kenya) and Eduardo Mondlane (Mozambique) formed an AFRHINET consortium to address the issue of rainwater harvesting for application in small scale agriculture in these countries, and submitted application for funding by the ACP-EU Cooperation Programme in Science and Technology.

8. The AFRHINET Initiative-2 AFRHINET means an ACP-EU transfer technology network on rain water harvesting irrigation management for sustainable dryland agriculture, food security, and poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa.

9. Part 2 The Methodology

10. Countries Involved in SSA Ethiopia; Kenya; Zimbabwe; Mozambique.

11. Approach for the Study The project is organised in form of six work packages; This presentation is a Baseline study on the needs, potential and market oriented products; The approach adopted for this study was based on using a combination of in-depth study of available reports covering relevant data and information of the country and detailed interviews with relevant institutions/people, using structured questionnaires.

12. Part 3 Major Results

13. Different Rainwater Technologies used EthiopiaKenyaMozambiqueZimbabwe Dams Sand and subsurface dams Sand dams Sand and subsurface dams Pond/earth dam TanksField potsRooftop tanks TrenchesRetention ditches Dead level contours Retention walls Stone/contour bunds Infiltration pits Fanya juu Micro-basin

14. The Technology Transfer Potential Technology transfer is the process of transferring skills, knowledge, technologies, and facilities to ensure that scientific and technological developments are accessible to a wider range of users; –Need for showcasing important technologies; –Need of targeted practical training and establishment of technology promotion and demonstration centres; –Need of establishment and strengthening of rainwater harvesting netwoprks and associations.

15. Research, Innovation and Capacity- Building Needs-1 RWHI can be improved and extended through: –Better training; –Better coordination of research in RWHI; –Improved communication and dissemination of the results of research and innovation activities; –Increased forums for sharing findings; –Linking of training institutions and government extension services;

16. Research, Innovation and Capacity-Building Needs-2 The possible research gaps in RWHI can be summarized as follows: –Assessing the impacts, benefits, and economic viability of different rainwater harvesting and irrigation technologies in different parts of the countries; –Determining the environmental impacts and environmental sustainability of rainwater harvesting and irrigation interventions; –Quantifying cost-effectiveness of different rainwater harvesting and irrigation products.

17. Comparative Analysis of Political and Institutional Frameworks Four project partner countries have both institutional frameworks and legislations, which accommodate RWHI activities; In Ethiopia, Kenya and Zimbabwe RWHI activities are anchored in the legal framework; However, in Mozambique, RWHI does not feature neither in the water policy nor in the irrigation policy. Mozambique has been giving more attention to the exploitation of ground waters for rural water supply, which is part of the water legal framework.

18. Part 4 Applicability to Other Arid and Semi-arid Regions and Implications

19. Applicability to other Regions  The situations found in the four countries can be found in any other country in SSA Africa;  The results of the baseline study can be used in other countries of the SSA Africa, as the situation is similar;  These results can be used for promotion of subsequent activities, as it will be presented by other colleagues.

20. Major Recommendations Major recommendations are as follows: –Promote more collaboration among the countries in SSA; –Undertake systematic studies/research on RWHI by different organisations and practitioneers; –Promote establishment of networks and associations, as a way of technology transfer; –Promote educations at various levels; –Integrate RWHI issues into legal framework of the countries.

21. The End Thank you Muito Obrigado!