1. Russian Revolution Policies of the Czars
Industrialization and economic growth
The Russo-Japanese War
“Bloody Sunday”
World War I
The March Revolution

2. Russian Revolution
Policies of the czars – Autocratic policies, harsh measures, and resistance to change inflame the masses
Industrialization and economic growth – Grueling working conditions, miserably low wages, and child labor, as well as the workers’ low standard of living, lack of political power, the enormous gap between the rich and the poor, led to civil unrest and strife

3. Russian Revolution
Russo-Japanese War – Russia’ losses sparked unrest at home, revealed the czars’ weaknesses, and led to revolt in the middle of the war
“Bloody Sunday” – provoked a wave of strikes and violence across the country and forced Czar Nicholas II to promise more freedom and create the Duma, Russia’s first parliament

4. Bloody Sunday

5. Russian Revolution
World War I –revealed weaknesses of czarist rule and military leadership; destroyed morale of Russian soldiers, who mutinied, deserted, and ignored orders
The March Revolution – forced the czar to abdicate his throne that allowed Duma to set up a provisional government

6. Factors that helped the Bolsheviks gain and hold political control
November 1917 Revolution – toppled provisional (temporary) government and gave power to Bolsheviks
Civil war between the Red and White armies – caused millions of deaths from fighting and famine; showed that Bolsheviks were able to seize and maintain it; crushed opposition to Bolshevik rule

7. Individuals Roles in the Russian Revolution
Karl Marx – ideas formed the basis of the revolutionary government
V.I. Lenin – led the Bolshevik revolution and restored peace and order
Leon Trotsky – commanded the Red Army during civil war

8. Lenin Restores Order
New Economic Policy (NEP) – allowed peasants to sell their surplus of crops instead of turning them over to the government; small-scale version of capitalism
Organized Russia into republics – centralized power and unified country under U.S.S.R.

9. Stalin = “Man of Steel”

10. Weapons of Totalitarianism
Indoctrination
and
Propaganda
Police Terror
(Great Purge)
Weapons of
Totalitarianism
Religious Persecution
Censorship

11. The Socialist Ideal
All Soviet citizens worked not for individual gain but for the overall good of the working class (communism)

12. Stalin’s Economic Vision
Russia is isolated economically and politically compared to other nations
Vulnerable to military attack by other European nations
Russia has the farmland and resources to industrialize

13. A Centralized Economy
Stalin puts government in control of economy (command)
Government decides what to produce and by whom in 5-year plans
Plan called for construction of massive industrial centers to produce materials for tractors, tanks, airplanes, and ships
(steel)

14. Stalin’s Plan to Industrialize
Wanted to catch up with the West
Quickly transform agricultural Soviet Union to an industrial power
Committed to building industries that support military buildup and a strong economy

15. Agricultural Production
Increase food production to support workers in growing cities and industrial centers
Peasants are forced to give up small plots and collective farms are created
Farms were subject to quotas in 5-year plans