1. Chapter 15 State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

2. Social Crises, War and Rebellions The Witchcraft Craze Sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Traditional village culture Inquisition in the thirteenth century 100,000 people were prosecuted Factors causing the scare Religious uncertainty Social conditions “Look out for oneself” Women Subsides in the mid-seventeenth century

3. Thirty Years’ War, 1618-1648 Located in the Germanic lands Part of larger conflict between the Bourbon dynasty of France and Habsburg dynasty of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire Religious problems Peace of Augsburg, 1555 Protestant Union Catholic League of German states German liberties Bohemian Phase, 1618-1625 Battle of White Mountain, 1620

4. The Thirty Years’ War ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

5. Danish Phase, 1625-1629 Christian IV of Denmark Albrecht von Wallenstein Edict of Restitution, 1629 Swedish Phase, 1630-1635 Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden Battle of Nördlingen, 1634 Franco-Swedish Phase, 1635-1648 Outcomes of the War Peace of Westphalia, 1648  French territorial gains  Sweden and French territorial gains  More than 300 states that made up the Holy Roman Empire were recognized as virtually independent states  Economic destruction

6. A Military Revolution? Armed infantry Firepower – artillery, firearms Tactics – mobility and flexibility Conscription Rebellions Peasant and lower class revolts The Practice of Absolutism: Western Europe Jean Bodin Definition of sovereignty Bishop Jacques Bossuet (1627-1704) Government divinely ordained Monarchs responsible to no one but God

7. France and Absolute Monarchy Foundations of French Absolutism Louis XIII, 1610-1643  Cardinal Richelieu, 1624-1642  Strengthen the monarchy Louis XIV, 1643-1715  Cardinal Mazarin  Fronde, 1648-1649  Second Fronde, 1650-1652 The Reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715) Age of Luis XIV, 1661-1715  Absolute monarchy  Restructures policy-making process

8. Ministers from the new nobility Old nobility removed from councils Secular power of the crown over religious authority Intendents Religious harmony Edict of Nantes, 1685 Finances Jean-Baptiste Colbert Edict of Fontainebleau revokes the Edict of Nantes, 1685 Palace of Versailles Internal improvements Daily Life at the Court of Versailles Court ceremony

9. Appartement Court etiquette Gambling Wars of Louis XIV Professional army of 100,000 men in peace and 400,000 in war War of the Triple Alliance, 1667-1668 Dutch War, 1672-1678 War of the League of Augsburg, 1689-1697 War of the Spanish Succession, 1702-1713

10. Decline of Spain Bankruptcy, 1596 and 1607 Philip III, 1598-1621 Duke of Lerma Impact of the expulsion of the Moriscos Philip IV, 1621-1665 Gaspar de Guzman, count of Olivares Reform Wars and taxes Peace of Westphalia (1648) and Peace of the Pyrenees (1659)

11. The Wars of Louis XIV ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

12. Absolutism in Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe German States Brandenburg-Prussia Hohenzollerns  Frederick William the Great Elector, 1640-1688  Army  Deal with nobles  Commissariat  Mercantilism  Frederick III, 1688-1713, King Frederick I

13. The Growth of Brandenburg-Prussia ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

14. Emergence of Austria Habsburgs  Leopold I, 1658-1705  Turks  Expansion east  Multicultural empire Italy: From Spanish to Austrian Rule Spanish control, 1559-1713 Russia: From Fledgling Principality to Major Power Ivan IV the Terrible, 1533-1584 Crushes the boyars (nobility) Serfdom

15. The Growth of the Austrian Empire ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

16. Reign of Peter the Great, 1689-1725 Trip West, 1697-1698 Western customs Reorganization of the army Reorganization of the government Division into provinces Service Economic activities Mercantilism Church Women Great Northern War, 1701-1721

17. Russia: From Principality to Nation-State ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

18. Growth of Monarchy in Scandinavia Denmark Sweden Ottoman Empire Suleiman I, the Magnificent, 1520-1566 Attacks southeastern Europe Defeated at Vienna, 1529 Turkish navy defeated at Lepanto, 1571 Effective government Well-organized military Turks defeated at Vienna, 1683, and driven out of Hungary

19. Sweden in the Seventeenth Century ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

20. The Ottoman Empire ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

21. Limits of Absolutism Local institutions still affected lives Urban and provincial privileges, liberties and exemptions limited monarchs Limited Monarchy and Republics Weakness of the Polish Monarchy Elective throne  Sejm (Polish diet) Confederation of semi-independent estates of landed nobles The Golden Age of the Dutch Republic Independence – Peace of Westphalia, 1648 Internal dissension  Stadholder  William of Orange and heirs  States General

22. Poland in the Seventeenth Century ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

23. Life in Seventeenth-century Amsterdam Urban expansion Commercial and financial center Social differences and structure England and the Emergence of Constitutional Monarchy King James I and Parliament James I, 1603-1625  Son of Mary, Queen of Scots  Divine Right of Kings Puritans Charles I and the Move Toward Revolution Charles I, 1625-1649 Petition of right Parliament does not meet, 1629-1640 Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud Long Parliament, 1640-1660

24. Civil War in England First English Civil War, 1642-1646 Oliver Cromwell New Model Army Charles I captured in 1646 Second Civil War, 1648 Charles I executed, January 30, 1649 Rump Parliament Cromwell and New Governments Commonwealth, 1649-1653 Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector, 1653-58 Dissolves Parliament, 1655 Cromwell dies, 1658

25. Restoration of the Monarchy Charles II, 1660-1685 Cavalier Parliament, 1661 Declaration of Indulgence, 1672 Test Act, 1673 Attempts to pass the Exclusion Bill, 1678-1681 A Glorious Revolution James II, 1685-1688 Declaration of Indulgence, 1687 Protestant daughters, Mary and Anne Birth of a son, 1688 William of Orange and wife Mary invited to take the throne of England,1688

26. Revolution Settlement, 1689 Bill of Rights, 1689 Toleration Act, 1689 Responses to Revolution Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Leviathan, 1651  Self-preservation  People form a commonwealth  Rebellion not acceptable John Locke (1632-1704) Two Treatises of Government  Life, liberty, and property  Right of Revolution

27. The Flourishing of European Culture The Changing Faces of Art Mannerism Imitators El Greco (1541-1614)  World of intense emotion Baroque Period Use of dramatic effects to arouse emotions Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680) Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1653)

28. French Classicism Nicholas Poussin (1594-1665) Dutch Realism Rembrandt an Rijn (1606-1669) A Wondrous Age of Theater William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Lope de Vega (1562-1635) Jean-Baptiste Racine (1639-1699) Greek tragedies Jean-Baptiste Molière (1622-1673)