1. ABSOLUTISM or ABSOLUTE MONARCHY Power was not limited by having to consult w/t nobles, common ppl, or their representatives Thus, claims –Divine Right, which is: –____________________ “Power _____________; Absolute Power __________ absolutely!” Absolutism maps

2. The BOURBONS Absolute rulers of France “one king, one law, one religion” Henry IV (1589-1610), 1 st Bourbon –Protestant > Catholicism –St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 10 - 70,000 killed –1593: “Edict of Nantes” –Who is a HUGUENOT? –__________________________ –disciplined the military –improved infrastructure Trade increased Agriculture improved ended the power o/t nobility

3. Louis XIII (1610-1643) of France Henry IV’s son began rule at age 9 –son of Marie de Medici Regent –chose Cardinal Richelieu as his chief minister –“king is supreme is France, France is supreme in Europe” destroy power o/t nobility end independence o/t Huguenots Encourage trade & industry Reduce power of Spain & Austrian HASBURGS

4. The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) Richelieu’s policy to destroy the Habsburgs Power grab in Europe Catholics v. Protestants Holy Roman Emperor v. 300 German princes Began in Prague in 1618 Mainly in Germany 1648 Treaty of Westphalia

5. Treaty of Westphalia (1648) ended the 30 Years War Habsburgs greatly weakened –extended empire east –Austria, Bohemia, Hungary –centered along t/ Danube R. Netherlands and Switzerland gain independence German princes independent o/t Holy Roman emperor The Fronde “sling” –Nobles and peasants weak attempt to end France’s absolutism

6. The Sun King (1643-1715) King Louis XIV –72 year reign –became king at age 5 Built the Palace at VersaillesPalace at Versailles –moved the gov’t & nobles here –greatly strained France’s economy –Emphasized the grandeur & power of France –“divine right of kings” –L’etat, c’est moi” (I am the state) Cardinal Mazarin: Chief Minister Bankruptcy due to Versailles & military expansion European nobility adopted the language & customs of France