1. 1.Your body has many ways to defend itself against disease. What do FIRST – LINE defenses work against? Work against harmful substances and all types of disease-causing organisms.

2. 2.What do SECOND – LINE defenses work against? It is a specific response to work against a specific pathogen / disease that is attacking the body.

3. 3.What is the complex group of defenses that your body uses to fight disease? IMMUNE SYSTEM

4. 4.First – Line defenses include what 4 body systems? Skin (integumentary system) Respiratory System Digestive System Circulatory System

5. 5.Give an example of how your skin acts as a first-line defense. Barrier or protective covering Sweat – contain substances that slow grow of some pathogens Oil glands – acidic environment, some pathogens can’t grow

6. 6.Give an example of how your respiratory system acts as a first-line defense. Hair-like structures called cilia traps pathogens Mucus – enzyme the weakens the walls of some pathogens Cough or Sneeze – expel some pathogens

7. 7.Give an example of how your digestive system acts as a first-line defense. All of the following contain things that help destroy or break down pathogens: – Saliva – Enzymes – Hydrochloric Acid – Mucus

8. 8.Give an example of how your circulatory system acts as a first-line defense. Contain white blood cells that patrol body killing pathogens and alerting the immune system Increase body temperature to slow growth of certain pathogens

9. 9.The SECOND – LINE of defense is also called “specific immunity”. The second – line of defense gets activated when the “intruders” break through the first-line of defense. The intruders are covered in antigens, white blood cells activate the immune system to make antibodies.

10. 10.What is an antibody? What does it do? Antibody is a protein made in response to a specific antigen on a pathogen. Antibodies attach to the antigen on a pathogen to make it useless.

11. 11.What does a memory B cell do? Why are they important? Memory B Cell = have the antibody for a specific pathogen. They are important because they stay in the blood waiting for the next time the pathogen tries to attack your body.

12. 12.Antibodies help your body build defenses in two ways. Describe ACTIVE IMMUNITY and PASSIVE IMMUNITY. Active immunity = when your body make its own antibodies in response to an antigen Passive Immunity = when antibodies are introduced to your body. We call them antibiotics! They are produced in another animal.

13. 13.What disease do you get only once? Why? Chicken Pox After getting chicken pox once, your body has antibodies for chicken pox stored in memory B- Cells. If the pathogen chicken pox attacks your body again, your immune system is ready and recognizes the antigen and attacks right away.

14. 14.What disease can you get more than once? Why? The Common Cold There are many different cold viruses that give you the similar symptoms. Your body doesn’t recognize the antigen on the pathogen because there are some many different cold viruses.

15. 15.What is a vaccine? A vaccine is a form of an antigen that gives you immunity against a disease. A vaccine can only prevent a disease, not cure it. Your body forms antibodies against the pathogen, if your body encounters the same pathogen, it has antibodies that are needed.