2. What happened on the road to unification, 1852-9? (stage 1/2 of unification) Lesson Aim: To be confident to explain key parts of the process of unification 1852-9. TASK: Add the following to your timeline and/or jot them down.  Pact of Plombieres 20 th July, 1858  War with Austria 1859  Battle Magenta/Solferino 4 th June 1859/ 24 th June 1859  Villa Franca 11 July, 1859  Plebiscites of Tuscany, Emilia, Savoy (to France), Nice March, 1860

3. What are the stages again/where is under Austrian control?

4. Mini Whiteboards….. Draw 3 pictures to show the development of Piedmont in the 1850s

5. Today, we will look at the first 4 boxes of your storyboards  Pact of Plombieres  War with Austria – Battle of Magenta/solferino  Villa Franca  Plebiscites – some areas annexed to Piedmont Lets see some storyboards and get an introduction!

6. Complete your table p55-68 H – just do your section

7. Share evidence and complete your whole table!

8. What was Cavour’s foreign policy? Austrian control unacceptable. ‘Middle way’ not encourage Mazzinians or Isolationists. Article 3 Statuto decided by king didn’t have to consult. Why did Italy join France and Britain in the Crimean War? And what was the outcome of the Congress of Paris? Cholera outbreak- Britain/France need forces Austria threatened to help Austrians – so Britain/France didn’t want to push Italian Q. French/Brits grateful. Italy political importance/Italian question discussed. What was the pros/cons of Napoleon III’s support? Napoleon took part in 1831 Rome uprising. Grateful – Paris Congress kept dialogue open. Wanted expansion – Nice/Savoy in return for no Austria Committed to Catholics/protecting pope – federation. What happened at Plombieres? Orsini Plot – 4/1/1858 attempted assassination on Napoleon – impressed by trial compelled to meet Cavour. What were the events and outcome of war with Austria, 1859? War had to ‘acceptable’ Cavour wrote speech for EII psychologically preparing Italians ‘we can not be insensitive to the cry of anguish.’ Known as the ‘second war of independence.’

9. What happened on the road to unification 1852-9? How did the armistice at Villa Franca come about and what was decided? Nap. made a shock peace settlement. Piedmont – Lombardy (annexed to France first) Restored monarchs to the Central Duchies. Austria to keep Venetia – still have a stronghold on Italy. What was the turning point on the road to unification? Nap. accepted decline of pope’s temporal powers. British proposed that the Italian peninsula should have self-determination. Cavour came back as PM and negotiated. How did Piedmontese annexation occur and where were the plebiscites held? See figures on p68H. All males over 21 given the vote. Choice of annexation or separate kingdom. Landslide – clear rigging.

10. Let’s go back to the storyboards….. Can you explain those 4 boxes with more detail now?

11. By 1859, what areas had been annexed to Piedmont?  Emilia: Parma/Modena/Papal legations and Bologna  Tuscany

12. Mini whiteboards: To what extent was French/Austrian involvement an obstacle to the unification of Italy in the years 1852-9? ObstacleHelp Other obstacles?

13. Homework!  Revise for a content test – up to the end of the course!  You have already made revision

14. RESOURCES

15. What happened on the road to unification 1852-9? What was Cavour’s foreign policy? Why did Italy join France and Britain in the Crimean War? And what was the outcome of the Congress of Paris? What was the pros/cons of Napoleon III’s support? What happened at Plombieres? What were the events and outcome of war with Austria, 1859?

16. What happened on the road to unification 1852-9? How did the armistice at Villa Franca come about and what was decided? What was the turning point on the road to unification? How did Piedmontese annexation occur and where were the plebiscites held?