1. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable Basic Research Program Particle-Scale Distribution of Soil Moisture in Porous Media 24 January 2007 PI’s name and Laboratory Dr. Chris Kees Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory

2. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable We don’t understand the macroscopic structural, hydraulic, thermal, electromagnetic, and chemical properties of variably saturated soils. These properties affect our ability to detect subsurface targets and features, build structures, and predict chemical species transport in soils. Problem/Relevance

3. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable Work Unit Objective To develop a multi-scale theoretical and computational model of variably saturated granular/porous media that will improve our ability to perform engineering-scale analyses.

4. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable Formulate mass, momentum, and energy balances (partial differential equations with constraints) and thermodynamic constraints for the particle-scale and macro-scale system. Implement numerical solutions using hybrid continuum/particle methods. Formulate a multi-scale theory and implement numerical multi-scale and up- scaling techniques. Approach

5. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable FY07 $227 –Mostly in house this year –Small BAA in place with NCSU FY08 $249K FY09 $250K Funding

6. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable Milestones EXAMPLE 1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q 200720082009 Initial particle-scale theoretical framework Development of two-phase microscale simulation capability Dynamic three-phase theoretical framework Paper on two-phase flow Paper on multiscale computational model Paper on multiscale three-phase theory Three-phase computational model

7. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable Accomplishments / Status Recruited Dr. Matthew Farthing from UNC, Chapel Hill to CHL and this project (starts Jan). Funded BAA contract with NCSU (Prof. Tim Kelley, math) to develop multilevel, multiscale solver algorithms and software (starts Jan). Visited LSU to give seminar on air/water flow in porous media and initiated collaboration on particle scale experiments. Continued work on air/water Navier-Stokes theory, model, and code suitable for front- capturing (level set) and front-capturing (moving mesh) methods and fluid/grain interaction.

8. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable Accomplishments / Status Two-phase flow (level-set/FEM method)

9. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable Accomplishments/Status Two-phase flow (level-set/FEM method)

10. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable Theoretical and computational frameworks for passing information between microscopic two-phase flow/particle systems to macroscopic variably saturated media. New constitutive models for macroscopic models and numerical multiscale models for macroscale engineering models. Products

11. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable High-fidelity vessel effects(Kees): Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian mesh technology and porous structure theory/models. Countermine Phenomenology(Howington): Mesh generation capability and moisture distribution theory/models. Stress Transfer in Granular Media(Peters):Discrete Element method coupling and upscaling tools, surface tension theory/models. Technology Transfer

12. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable A numerical model of particle-scale two- phase flow. A theory of variably-saturated granular media. A numerical model of variably-saturated granular media A multi-scale theoretical and computational model of variably-saturated granular media. Publications

13. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable Porous media experiments –Clint Willson –Tissa Illangesekare Mesh generation –Graham Carey Finite Elements –Clint Dawson Micro-mechanical models –Antoinette Tordesillas Multiscale Theory and Computations –Lynn Bennethum –Markus Hilpert Collaborations

14. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable Research on physical theory is related to thin film research in industrial mathematics, non-aqueous phase liquid research in environmental engineering, and granular media research in civil engineering. Combining fluid mechanics with solid mechanics is an active area in several fields, but no consensus on a standard set of theoretical or computational tools exists. Assessment of Research Area

15. One Team: Relevant... Ready... Responsive... Reliable Issues Weak points in the team –Need junior members with experience in the relevant mechanics, thermodynamics, mathematics and/or computer science. –Collaborating with academia hindered by overhead and red tape. Weak points in the computational infrastructure –Mesh generation –Visualization –Stability, maturity, availability of HPC environment Weak points in the theoretical approach –Non-equilibrium thermodynamics. –Obtaining relevant experimental data and incorporating into the models.