1. Organized Labor and Collective Bargaining Chapter 12 Sections 2-3

2. Labor Unions Labor Union: Association of workers organized to improve wages and working conditions for its members. Labor Union: Association of workers organized to improve wages and working conditions for its members. Management: Those in charge of the company. Management: Those in charge of the company. Key Role of Unions: Represent the collective interests of individual workers before management Key Role of Unions: Represent the collective interests of individual workers before management

3. Labor-Management Negotiations Collective Bargaining: Process by which unions and employers negotiate conditions of employment Collective Bargaining: Process by which unions and employers negotiate conditions of employment Mediation: A neutral person tired to get both sides to agree Mediation: A neutral person tired to get both sides to agree Arbitration: Unions/management submit issue to a 3 rd party for a final decision Arbitration: Unions/management submit issue to a 3 rd party for a final decision Key Issues: working hours, fringe benefits, Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA), etc. Key Issues: working hours, fringe benefits, Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA), etc.

4. Common Tactics Strikes: Deliberate work stoppage by workers to force an employer to give in to their demands Strikes: Deliberate work stoppage by workers to force an employer to give in to their demands Picketing: Workers walk in front of workplace with signs that state their disagreement with the company Picketing: Workers walk in front of workplace with signs that state their disagreement with the company Boycott: Economic pressure exerted by unions urging public not to do business with a company Boycott: Economic pressure exerted by unions urging public not to do business with a company Lockout: Management prevents workers from returning to work until they agree to new contract Lockout: Management prevents workers from returning to work until they agree to new contract Injuncion: Court order which prevents some activity Injuncion: Court order which prevents some activity

5. Development of Labor Unions Labor unions became popular during the late 19 th and early 20 th century to represent the interests of workers following the Industrial Revolution. Labor unions became popular during the late 19 th and early 20 th century to represent the interests of workers following the Industrial Revolution. Areas of Concern: Areas of Concern: Fair Pay Benefits Hours Working Conditions Exploitation (ex. children) White-Collar: Offices, sales, or professional positions White-Collar: Offices, sales, or professional positions Service Workers: Those who provide direct services to individuals. Ex. cooks, health- care aides, barbers, etc. Service Workers: Those who provide direct services to individuals. Ex. cooks, health- care aides, barbers, etc.

6. Early Unions American Federation of Labor The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was formed to represent skilled workers in certain industries such as carpentry or printing. Ex. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was formed to represent skilled workers in certain industries such as carpentry or printing. Ex. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) Founder: Samuel Gompers (president: 1886-1924) Founder: Samuel Gompers (president: 1886-1924)

7. Early Unions Congress of Industrial Organizations The Congress of International Unions is made up of unions that include all workers in an industry regardless of job or level of skills. Ex. United Auto Workers (UAW). The Congress of International Unions is made up of unions that include all workers in an industry regardless of job or level of skills. Ex. United Auto Workers (UAW). Key Figure: Eugene V. Debs (1855-1926) Key Figure: Eugene V. Debs (1855-1926)

8. Key Alliance: AFL-CIO The AFL and CIO joined to form a key alliance in 1955 The AFL and CIO joined to form a key alliance in 1955 The AFL-CIO peaked at 20 million members in 1979 The AFL-CIO peaked at 20 million members in 1979 Membership fell to about 12.5 million members as of 2015 Membership fell to about 12.5 million members as of 2015

9. Other Key Unions National Education Association (NEA): 3.2 million members National Education Association (NEA): 3.2 million members Service Employees International Union (SEIU): 1.9 million members Ex. medical workers, apartment workers, etc. Service Employees International Union (SEIU): 1.9 million members Ex. medical workers, apartment workers, etc.

10. Key Union Terms Local Union: Members of a union in a particular factory, company, or geographic area Local Union: Members of a union in a particular factory, company, or geographic area Closed Shop: Company in which only union members can be hired (outlawed by Taft-Hartley Act of 1947) Closed Shop: Company in which only union members can be hired (outlawed by Taft-Hartley Act of 1947) Union Shop: Company requiring members to join a union after a specific period of time Union Shop: Company requiring members to join a union after a specific period of time Agency Shop: Company in which employees are not required to join union but must pay dues Agency Shop: Company in which employees are not required to join union but must pay dues

11. Right to Work Right to Work Laws: In some states, union shops are outlawed. All benefits negotiated by unions must be made available to all workers. Right to Work Laws: In some states, union shops are outlawed. All benefits negotiated by unions must be made available to all workers. Unions tend to have less power in these states. Unions tend to have less power in these states. Pro argument: Freedom of choice for all workers Pro argument: Freedom of choice for all workers Con argument: Non-union workers can be undeserving beneficiaries of union contracts Con argument: Non-union workers can be undeserving beneficiaries of union contracts

12. The Great Debate

13. Union Exercise In your groups, try to determine what union would most likely represent each of your career choices on your list of five preferred careers In your groups, try to determine what union would most likely represent each of your career choices on your list of five preferred careers If no union would apply write “none” If no union would apply write “none” Is there one union that shows up the most with your group? Is there one union that shows up the most with your group? Based on your experiences and/or the experiences of others, what are your impressions of unions? Based on your experiences and/or the experiences of others, what are your impressions of unions?