1. Rise of Austria Ch 17 - Absolutism in Central Europe

2. Pre-1600s Central Europe Nobles = strong Kings = weak – Try and get power through war and threat of war 3 ways kings gain power 1)Create & collect permanent taxes 2)Permanent standing armies (fight home/abroad) 3)Communicated w/other countries Habsburg Family Crest GUESS WHO REALLY GAINS POWER?

3. Habsburg Genealogy

4. Holy Roman Empire: 1750

5. Leopold I Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1658-1705) Leopold I Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1658-1705)

6. Austria (post 30-Years’ War) Habsburgs Lost the war (now poor & weak) Still hereditary rulers AREA NOT CATHOLIC Austria looks to gain new lands (Bohemia?) – Czech’s = Protestant Run Bohemian Estates Revolt @ White Mountain (1620) Map of The Holy Roman Empire circa 1648, Showing Kingdom of Bohemia in green Ferdinand II – Holy Roman Emperor

7. Ferdinand III (1637-57) Centralizes German-Speaking areas – Austria, Styria, & Tyrol – Looks to Hungary and Ottoman Turks – Creates permanent standing army Austrian Empire: 1657-1718 Ferdinand III

8. Turks vs. Habsburgs (1683) Siege of Vienna (last real push) – 2 month siege on city by Ottomans – Ottomans forced to leave Attacked on all sides during retreat Habsburgs gain almost all of Hungary and Transylvania (Romania) – Habs gain strength in army but still have issues Siege of Vienna by Ottoman perspective Vienna Battle 1683 by Frans Geffels

9. Quick look at Turks… Muslim Warriors Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-66) – Largest empire – Sultan total power – Took Christian slaves – Religious tolerance – Death hurts them Suleiman w/Francis I…Franco- Ottoman alliance 1530s

10. Now back to the… Habsburg’s New Absolute Government Three separate territories ①Austria ②Kingdom of Bohemia ③Kingdom of Hungary Only held together by Habs Monarchy ALL 3 HAD: -Own laws -Own politics -Own nobles ALL 3 HAD: -Own laws -Own politics -Own nobles

11. Pragmatic Sanction 1713 Charles VI tried to secure land Created Pragmatic Sanction stating: – Habs possessions/land always intact – Always passed intact to single heir Charles tries to get this accepted in Europe Hungarians revolt multiple times (no success) Charles VI Charles w/ his wife and three children The Death Scene of the Emperor Charles VI