1. Biodiesel as a Source of Renewable Energy to Replace the Dependence of Petrol in Malaysia Name: Ng Mun Yi Class: Chem 2-2 Lecturer: Ms Isabel Yee

2.  Vehicles in Malaysia currently uses gasoline or diesel from petroleum as a source of fuel. -Most common energy source

3.  Rank 30 th country using 536 000 barrels of petroleum per day.  Petroleum is formed from decayed plants and animals millions of years ago.

4. Easily acquired. Still considered cheap even though the cost is rising rapidly. Produces more energy per liter. Other important uses: -Production of plastics, lubricants, and asphalt (bitumen)

5.  Effects on the environment: Combustion of petroleum releases greenhouse gases such as: - Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) - Carbon monoxide (CO) - Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) - Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 )

6. Effects of greenhouse gases:

7. BIODIESEL as a Source of Renewable energy A new energy source is needed to replace petrol. Biodiesel has a very good potential to take the place of petroleum since it is a lot cleaner and most importantly, it does not harm the environment.

8. A fuel that is produced from agriculture oils, recycled cooking oils and animal fats. A process whereby a triglyceride (fat/oil) reacts with an alcohol to form an ester and a glycerol in the presence of a catalyst. A process whereby a triglyceride (fat/oil) reacts with an alcohol to form an ester and a glycerol in the presence of a catalyst. Transesterification:

11.  Biodiesel is a clean burning renewable fuel - reduces exhaust emissions/less pollutions - Lower toxicity compared to petroleum fuel  Does not require modifications to diesel engines  Safer to handle  Biodegradable

12. Lubricating property lengthens lifetime of engines

13.  More expensive compared to petroleum fuel  Requires energy to be produced from crops including the energy of sowing, fertilizing, and harvesting - takes up land and may cause crop prices to increase as well  Clogs the fuel filter in engines

14. Overall, biodiesel is a suitable replacement for petroleum in Malaysia as it helps to bring out a better environment for the future and most importantly, it does not harm the Earth. Better late than never right?

15. http://www.berkeleybiodiesel.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of- biodiesel.html http://www.biodiesel-energy-revolution.com/disadvantages-of- biodiesel.html http://www.scribd.com/doc/10049213/Energy-Use-in-the- Transportation-Sector-of-Malaysia http://users.rowan.edu/~marchese/froshclinic2-07/vangerpen.pdf http://www.biodiesel.com/index.php/biodiesel/what_is_biodiesel http://www.home-made-biodiesel.com/biodiesel- emissions.html#.UTrhGNbilJw

16. http://www.biodiesel.org/docs/ffs-basics/benefits-of- biodiesel.pdf?sfvrsn=4 http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/02- 03/biofuels/what_biodiesel.htm http://www.thebioenergysite.com/articles/571/biodiesel-the- sustainability-dimensions http://www.biofuels-platform.ch/en/infos/biodiesel.php http://cenblog.org/cleantech-chemistry/2010/05/burning-biofuels/ http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Advantages-of-Using-Biodiesel- Fuel&id=285336

18. Thank you for your attention and have a good day