1. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration Radio-detection of UHECR with the CODALEMA experiment for the CODALEMA collaboration Arnaud Bellétoile by Liam Spencer

2. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration CODALEMA setup Scintillator array : 13 detectors Antenna array : 14 detectors Cross shape 612 m x 473 m Trigger : 5 central scintillators in coincidence Internal air showers : Energy with 30 % of uncertainty Antenna : Short Active Dipole East West polarisation of the Electric field

3. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration Transients in coincidence Voltage (mV) Time (μs) North-south axis Voltage (mV) Time (μs) East West axis Waveform recorded as a function of time Δf=500MHz f e =1GHz 12 bits ADC T obs =2.5μs Offline processing Numerical filter 24-82MHz Transient detection

4. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration Radio-detected EAS Time difference Between wave and particle Δt < 200 ns Angular difference Both reconstructed independently ! Δ < 20° To validate a candidate : EAS radio-detected

5. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration 170 effective days of data taking 613 transient radio waveforms reconstructed 141 EAS radio-detected 0.8 events / day 43 Internal shower (energy known) New setup under operation since December 2006 Some numbers

6. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration Log E (eV) Histogram not corrected for the acceptance Scintillators radio Number of entries Energy distribution

7. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration As a function of energy Only East-West polarisation of the electric field CODALEMA Efficiency Radio-detection efficiency Significant threshold : E > 5.10 16 eV

8. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration Search for geomagnetic effect α Geomagnetic field shower North South α : angle between Geomagnetic field and cosmic ray arrival direction Allan et al. Nature 227, 1970 Lorentz Force : F = q. V ^ B

9. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration Arrival direction of radio-detected showers Antenna data Explicit deficit in the South direction Geomagnetic field θ = 27 °, φ =180° Few events near geomagnetic field vector Effect on arrival direction For unknown energy

10. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration Effect on radio efficiency Ratio radio-particles as a function of α No event for α below 15° Qualitatively compatible with Allan Rising function of α For unknown energy

11. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration showers from south were more energetic 43 internal showers Energy known for « internal showers » (CIC method, precision 30 %) Log E > 17.5 17.3 < Log E < 17.5 17.1 < Log E < 17.3 16.9 < Log E < 17.1 Geomagnetic field θ = 27 °, φ =180° Effect with the energy

12. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration Deficit of low energy event for small α Energy as a function of α Effect with the energy Low counting rate for small α Evidence for a geomagnetic effect in the radio emission process

13. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration Electric field topology Electric field (μv/m/MHz) Axis distance (m) E = 2x10 17 eV ε o = 25 μV/m/MHz Exponential dependence ε = ε o exp(-d/d o )

14. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration E = 8x10 17 eV ε o = 73 μV/m/MHz Exponential dependence ε = ε o exp(-d/d o ) More statistic needed to correlate ε o and Energy Electric field (μv/m/MHz) Axis distance (m) Electric field topology

15. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration “Giant event” (E > 10 18 eV) Unfortunately not internal HUGE electric field ! ε o = 278 μV/m/MHz Electric field (μv/m/MHz) Axis distance (m) Electric field topology

16. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration Evidence for a Geomagnetic effect radio-detection deficit close to the Geomagnetic field direction constraint on the emission process At the present time, we do not see clear correlation between the cosmic ray Energy and the measured electric field effect on the radio-detection efficiency around 10 17 eV Larger autonomous antennas array (in 2008 @ Nançay) Detection of all polarization  On going effort CODALEMA radio detection efficiency increases with energy Conclusion

17. Arnaud Bellétoile SUBATECH NANTES Manchester, 19/07/07 CODALEMA Collaboration Scintillator distributions (internal showers) Zenithal distribution Limited at  < 50° Azimutal distribution Shower arrival directions calculated with the scintillator data Energy threshold for scintillator array ~ 10 15 eV