1. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. APES Lab Lab: Earth to Moon Exercise AP Environmental Science Mr. Grant Lesson 9

2. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Objectives: Define the term external cost. Review Chapter 6 Multiple Choice Questions Set up Earth to Moon lab exercise. Chapter 7 Pre-Reading: In class exercise to help activate background knowledge, make connections, stimulate predictions, and form a purpose for reading.

3. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Define the term external cost. External Cost - A negative effect of production or consumption the cost of which is not paid for by the producer but is imposed on others. Thus, a power station that generates emissions of SO 2, causing damage to building materials or human health, imposes an external cost. This is because the impact on the owners of the buildings or on those who suffer damage to their health is not taken into account by the generator of the electricity when deciding on the activities causing the damage. In this example, the environmental costs are "external" because, although they are real costs to these members of society, the owner of the power station is not taking them into account when making decisions.

4. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Review Chapter 6 Multiple Choice Questions

5. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings This should be a sentence or two that lists the materials that were needed to carry out this activity. This could also be in the form of a table. This is the section where you will show any calculations that you made using the data you collected. Give the formula you will use for each type of calculation. Once you have shown a sample calculation, you may use a data table to show other calculated values of the same type. This is also the appropriate place to explain how the measurements relate to each other. This is the proper place to discuss anything that happened during the activity that may have affected your measurements. 1.Identify yourself - Name (partner) and class period. 2.Title - Use the title of the activity. 3.Purpose – One or two clear sentences. 4.Materials 5.Procedure 6.Observations & Data 7.Analysis of Data 8.Conclusions 1.Identify yourself - Name (partner) and class period. 2.Title - Use the title of the activity. 3.Purpose – One or two clear sentences. 4.Materials 5.Procedure 6.Observations & Data 7.Analysis of Data 8.Conclusions Convey is a mental picture of what you did. Ordinal phrases (First we…then we…) are not necessary. The order of events is conveyed by the sentence order in the description. Remember that your audience should be able to repeat your procedure if they wish to do so. Write your description of what was done so that the reader can visualize the set-up. Be sure to include reference to any equipment that you used (The mass was taken on a balance). A diagram or picture of the apparatus may be helpful but should not replace good verbal description. Be very specific in your instructions. This is the section of your report where you discuss how the purpose of the activity relates to the analysis of your data. In other words, what did you learn? Stick to the facts, no not comment on whether or not you enjoyed the activity. Be specific in your statements. Laboratory Write-Up Format Hyde School Science Department What concept or skill was highlighted by this activity? Ask yourself “Why did we do this activity? What was I supposed to learn or practice?” The goal of this section is to present the data that was collected in the activity in a clear and easily understood format. Units are necessary for any measurement. This includes both quantitative (numerical) and qualitative (sensual, not emotional) observations. Quantitative observations are best presented in data tables. Qualitative observations may be organized in table form or paragraph form.

6. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Earth To Moon Exercise The purpose of this exercise is to 1)have you put into practice the concept of exponential numbers, and 2)have you learn the basics of writing a lab report.

7. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Earth To Moon Exercise In this exercise you will determine how many times you need to fold a piece of paper to generate a thickness that will be equal to or greater that the distance from the earth to the moon. Your Givens: You have infinite supply of paper. Thickness of paper is about 1 millimeter or 1/254 inch thick. There are 5,280 feet in one mile. The average distance to the moon is approximately 250,000 miles (or about 384,000km). Every time we fold the paper, its thickness doubles. How many folds will be needed so that the thickness becomes >= distance between earth and moon? Your calculations can be in either US standard or metric.

8. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Pre-Reading…