1. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Digital Signal Processor 조 성 호 교수님 담당조교 : 임대현 02-2220-4881 dhyim2@casp.hanyang.ax.kr

2. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 DSP – What is it?  Digital signal processing  Manipulating signals which have originated in or are to be exported to the real world  Digital signal processor  A super-fast chip computer, which has been optimized for the signal processing  Optimized for high-speed, high-accuracy multiplication S/HDSPA/DD/A

3. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 DSP – What is it?  Digital signal ?  Sampling  Quantization  Digital signal can be represented using voltage.

4. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Founders of Sampling Theory Claude Elwood Shannon (1916 ~ 2001) Harry Nyquist (1889 ~1976) Determining the bandwidth requirements for transmitting information Shannon-Nyquist Sampling Theorem

5. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 EE 541/451 Fall 2006 Mathematical Notation of Sampling Theory

6. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Quantization  Scalar Quantizer Block Diagram

7. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Quantization Procedure

8. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Typical DSP System Components  Input lowpass filter (anti-aliasing filter)  Analog to digital converter (ADC)  Digital computer or digital signal processor  Digital to analog converter (DAC)  Output lowpass filter (anti-imaging filter)

9. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Why go Digital? (1/2)  Digital signal processing techniques are now so powerful that sometimes it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, for analogue signal processing to achieve similar performance.  Examples:  FIR filter with linear phase.  Adaptive filters.  Analogue signal processing is achieved by using analogue components such as:  Resistors.  Capacitors.  Inductors.  The inherent tolerances associated with these components, temperature, voltage changes and mechanical vibrations can dramatically affect the effectiveness of the analogue circuitry.

10. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Why go Digital? (2/2)  With DSP it is easy to:  Change applications.  Correct applications.  Update applications.  Additionally DSP reduces:  Noise susceptibility.  Chip count.  Development time.  Cost.  Power consumption.

11. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Digital Signal Processor

12. HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 DSP Functions  Common features of DSP applications  They use a lot of multiplying and adding operations  They deal with signals that come from the real world  They require a certain response time  Key DSP operations  Filtering  Correlation  Discrete transformation

13. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Embedded System  Micro Controller Unit (MCU)  ARM  DSP

14. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기  Why not use a General Purpose Processor (GPP) such as a Pentium instead of a DSP processor?  What is the power consumption of a Pentium and a DSP processor?  What is the cost of a Pentium and a DSP processor? Why do we need DSP processors?

15. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Why do we need DSP processors?  Use a DSP processor when the following are required:  Cost saving.  Smaller size.  Low power consumption.  Processing of many “high” frequency signals in real-time.  Use a GPP processor when the following are required:  Large memory.  Advanced operating systems.

16. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Hardware vs. Microcode multiplication  DSP processors are optimized to perform multiplication and addition operations.  Multiplication and addition are done in hardware and in one cycle.  Multiplier-Accumulator (MAC)  Example: 4-bit multiply (unsigned). 1011 1011 x 1110 1011 1011 x 1110 HardwareMicrocode 100110100000 1011. 1011.. 1011... 10011010 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Cycle 5

17. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Real-time processing  We can say that we have a real-time application if:  Waiting Time ≥ 0 Processing Time Waiting Time Sample Time nn+1

18. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Application (Digital Camera)

19. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Application(Mobile AP)

20. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 H/W Interface DSP (TMS320C6414) ADC x2 DAC x2 MCU Module SPI UART SDRAM Flash Analog Module Digital IO Connector

21. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Hardware development  Chip  Evaluation Board (Development Kit)

22. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 FLOATING POINT/FIXED POINT PROGRAMMING

23. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Implementing Digital Signal Processing Algorithms Code Conversion Wordlength Optimization Floating-Point Program Fixed Point (Uniform Wordlength) Fixed Point (Optimized Wordlength) Floating- Point Processor Fixed- Point Processor Fixed- Point ASIC PricePower*Hardware Digital Signal Processing Algorithms * Power consumption H L H L H L ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit

24. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Transformations to Fixed Point  Advantages  Lower hardware complexity  Lower power consumption  Faster speed in processing  Disadvantages  Introduces distortion due to quantization error  Search for optimum wordlengths by trial & error is time-consuming Code Conversion Wordlength Optimization Floating-Point Program Fixed Point (Optimized Wordlength) Transformation

25. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Algorithm Design and Implementation Floating-Point Programs Uniform Wordlength Fixed-Point Programs Optimized Fixed-Point Programs Code Conversion Wordlength Optimization Floating-Point Processor Fixed-Point Processor Fixed-Point IC High Low Algorithm Design Algorithm Implementation Design Time High Low Hardware ComplexityPower Consumption

26. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Floating / Integer Programming 32 bit Floating-Point (IEEE 754): Fixed-Point: sign bit 8 bit exponent (excess 127) fractional part integer part 23+1 bit normalized mantissa

27. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI) BUS

28. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Bus  Basic  SCLK: Serial Clock (From Master)  MOSI: Master Output, Slave Input  MISO: Master Input, Slave Output  SS: Slave Select

29. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Bus  Full-Duplex

30. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Bus  Example)

31. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 References  http://en.wikipedia.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/  http://itsallaboutembedded.blogspot.kr/2013/03/what-makes-embedded- system-called-as.html http://itsallaboutembedded.blogspot.kr/2013/03/what-makes-embedded- system-called-as.html  http://learn.linksprite.com/hardware-knowledge/serial-peripheral-interface- spi/ http://learn.linksprite.com/hardware-knowledge/serial-peripheral-interface- spi/  http://www.ti.com/

32. Digital Signal Processor HANYANG UNIVERSITY 2016 1 학기 32 Thank You