1. 牛津版 高一 模块四 Unit 3

2. Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world Grammar and Usage

3. The Passive voice The active and passive voices can be interchanged without much difference in meaning. In the active voice we use the doer of an action as the subject of the sentence. In the passive voice we use the person or thing that is affected by the action as the subject of the sentence.

5. The lovely robots attracts the visitors. The visitors are attracted by the lovely robots. S. V. O. V. S.

7. The Great Wall was visited by many people last year. S. V. O. V. S. Many people visited the Great Wall last year.

8. The basic form of the passive voice is be + the past participle. We can put the passive voice in different tenses by changing the tense of be. e.g. Food is kept in the fridge. The glass was broken by the boy.

9. The passive voice in different tenses: Tense The active voice The passive voice The simple present The present continuous The present perfect do/doesare/is done am/is/are doing has/have done am/is/are being done have/has been done

10. The simple future The simple past The past continuous The past perfect be going to/ will do did was/were doing had done be going to/will be done was/were done was/were being done had been done

11. We should also pay attention to the following when using the passive voice. We usually use by to introduce the doer of the action, but we usually do not mention the doer when it is not necessary or not important, or when it is difficult to say who the doer is. e.g. Both the headsets and the gloves are connected to a computer network.

12. Verbs like give, lend, offer, send, tell and show can be followed by two objects which usually refer to a person and a thing respectively. When we change sentences with these verbs into the passive voice, we usually use the person as the subject. Sometimes we also use the thing as the subject.

13. e.g. Our teacher often tells us some interesting stories in English. We are often told some interesting stories in English. Some interesting stories are often told to us in English.

14. In the active voice, some verbs are followed by an object and a bare infinitive. In the passive voice, we change the bare infinitive into the to infinitive. e.g. I often hear the girl play the piano in the afternoon. The girl is often heard to play the piano in the afternoon.

15. Sometimes we use get instead of be in the passive voice. e.g. My bike got stolen last night. You’d better get changed quickly, as the party will begin soon. The eggs seem to have got broken.

16. Some verbs can be used in the active form with a passive meaning. e.g. This sweater washes well. The pen writes smoothly. The kind of computer sells well in China.

17. State verbs cannot be used in the passive voice. e.g. I like pop songs and often listen to them. He has a big house near the river. You can depend on her to deal with the situation.

18. There are some special passive patterns. It + passive verb + that clause e.g. It is said that he will recover soon. It is believed that the three missing sailors have drowned. Subject + passive verb + to infinitive e.g. The Sun was once thought to travel around the Earth.

19. Verbs often used in these patterns are: say, believe, report, suppose, know, prove, etc. Read the information on page 49 and complete the report on the event.

20. Answers: 1. ________________ 2. __________________ 3. ________________ 4. __________________ 5. ________________ 6. __________________ 7. ________________ 8. __________________ 9. ________________ 10. _________________ are being the Electric Wear Company been developed was invented are used been completed will be produced will be been announced are cleaned/ can be cleaned

21. Modal verb and the passive voice 1. We can use modal verbs in the passive voice to talk about ability, possibility, duty, permission, etc. e.g. Firefighters could be trained using RealCine.

22. 2. We form sentences using modal verbs in the passive voice by adding be and the past participle. e.g. Computer can work out the position of the user at any time. The position of the user can be worked out at any time. modal verb+ bare infinitive modal verb+ be + past participle

23. Read the table on page 50 and note the use of these modal verbs in the active and passive voices. Read the first report on page 50 and complete the second.

24. Answers: 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________ can be reducedmust be taken must be wornmay become ought to be reduced

25. Verbs often used in the passive voice Some verbs are often used in the passive voice and function like adjectives. e.g. The children are getting excited about the coming holiday. Don’t you get tired of arguing about the some thing all the time?

26. Look at the timeline showing the history of Napster and complete the article on page 51. Answers: 1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ 4. ________________ 5. ________________ 6. ________________ 7. ________________ 8. ________________ bored withinterested in was foundedwere employed was surprised atwas accused of was closed downwas purchased

27. 1. It remains _____ whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals. ( 浙江 2006) A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see 被动语态的高考题

28. 2. — I don’t suppose the police know who did it. — Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _____ now.( 江苏 2006) A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned

29. 3. — Your job ___ open for your return. — Thanks.( 北京 2006) A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept

30. 4. Tom sounds very much ____ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it. ( 安徽 2006) A. interestedB. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly

31. 5. The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. ( 上海 2004) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt

32. 6. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____ yet. ( 浙江 2007) A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided

33. 7. — Don’t you think it necessary that he ____ to Miami but to New York? — I agree, but the problem is _____ he has refused to. ( 江苏 2005) A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what

34. 8. _____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. ( 上海 2005) A. What is requiredB. What requires C. It is requiredD. It requires

35. 9. Customers are asked to make sure that they ____ the right change before leaving the shop. ( 重庆 2006) A. will give B. have been given C. have given D. will be given

36. 10. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _____. ( 江苏 2007) A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached

37. 11. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _____ in science and technology. ( 天津 2007) A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered

38. 12. I got caught in the rain and my suit _____. ( 北京 2007) A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined

39. 13. He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets had been sold out. ( 陕西 2006) A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told

40. 14. The construction of the two new railway lines _____ by now. ( 陕西 2006) A. has completed B. have completed C. have been completed D. has been completed

41. 15. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in 2008. ( 四川 2006) A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held

42. 考点点拨 考例回顾 1. A VR headset was designed by scientists. (P48) [ 考点 ] was designed 是一般过去时的被动语 态，表示一个动作在过去被完成。

43. [ 考例 1] The flowers were so lovely that they _____ in no time. (2007 全国卷 I) A. soldB. had been sold C. were soldD. would sell [ 点拨 ] the flowers 和 sell 之间是被动关系， 故排除 A 和 D 项。 were so lovely 与 sell 是同 时存在的状态和动作，没有先后关系，排 除 B 项。故选 C 项。

44. [ 考例 2] As the years passed, many occasions — birthdays, awards, graduations — _____ with Dad’s flowers. ( 湖南 2007) A. are markedB. were marked C. have markedD. had marked

45. [ 点拨 ] 句意：随着岁月的流逝，许多大的 场合，如我的生日聚会、颁奖议式、毕业 典礼，我父亲的鲜花都烙下了印记。主语 occasions 与 mark 之间是被动关系，所以 要用被动语态； as 从句用了一般过去时， 主从句时态应一致，故用一般过去时，选 B 项。

46. 2. Right now the new product is being developed in the laboratory. (P48) [ 考点 ] is being developed 是现在进行时 的被动语态，表示动作正在被进行。

47. [ 考例 ] — Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? — Yes, I have. I guess it ______ now. ( 辽宁 2007) A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grading

48. [ 点拨 ] 句意： “ 你交作业了吗？ ” “ 交了。 我猜想现在老师正在批改 ” 。根据空格所 在句的主语可知，谓语动词应用被动语 态；根据 now 一词，可知应用现在进行 时，所以 C 项正确。

49. 3. An agreement has been put forward. (P48) [ 考点 ] has been put forward 是现在完成 时的被动语态，表示动作已经被完成。

50. [ 考例 1] When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _____. ( 四川 2007) A. have markedB. have been marked C. had marked D. had been marked [ 点拨 ] 因 mark 这一动作发生在 get 之前，且 试卷是被批注，因此应用过去完成时的被 动语态，故选 B 项。

51. [ 考例 2] With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. ( 上海 2007) A. discoveredB. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered

52. [ 点拨 ] in / during the past years 所在句子 要用现在完成时态， substances 是 “ 被发现 ” ，故用被动形式。 D 项为正 确选项。

53. 4. The technology behind RealCine is said to be virtual reality. (P48) [ 考点 ] sb. / sth. + be said + 动词不定式作 主语补足语。如果表示动作正在进行，用 不定式的进行式；表示动作已经完成，则 需用不定式的完成式。本句中用了不定式 的一般式，表示状态。类似的动词有： believe, report, consider, suppose, know 等。

54. [ 考例 1] Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _____ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. ( 重庆 2007) A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought

55. [ 点拨 ] sb. / sth. is said to do sth. 据说某人 / 物做某事。因为买鸟这一动作发生 在说之前，因此此处应用不定式的 完成时态。故选 B 项。

56. [ 考例 2] The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _____ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. ( 辽宁 2007) A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break

57. [ 点拨 ] sb. / sth. is reported to do sth. 为常用的 表达方式， to do 不能用 doing 形式代替， “ 打破世界记录 ” 是已经发生的事情，故 用不定式的完成式。故选 C 项。

58. Homework 1. Review what we learned today. 2. Finish exercises on page 92. 3. Preview Task.