1. Metals

2. Starter Activity Describe the three processes for extracting metals.
Which process is for the most reactive metals?
Name 2 alkali metals
Name 2 transition metals
Name 2 alkaline earth metals
Explain why aluminium doesn‘t corrode.

3. Alkali Metals Properties
All very reactive and have to be stored under oil.
Reactivity increases as you move down the group.
They are soft and can be cut with a knife.
React violently with water.
Metal + water metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Sodium + water sodium hydroxide hydrogen

4. Flame Tests – Alkali Metals
Metal compounds, especially those of the alkali metals, can be identified by a flame test.

5. Compounds of Alkali Metals
Alkali metals are not very useful…..why?
Compounds of alkali metals are very useful:
NaCl – salt
NaNO2 and KNO2 – fertilizers and explosives
Na2CO3 – washing powder
NaHCO3 – baking soda
NaOH – oven cleaner

6. Alkaline Earth Metals Similar trends in reactivity to group 1.
Less reactive than group 1.
Can be identified using a flame test.
Ba Sr Ca Mg

7. Activity
Quick check questions – page 234 (5 minutes)

8. Transition Metals Most useful metal elements.
All have typical metals properties:
Hard and strong
High melting points
High density
Good heat and electrical conductors
Are malleable and ductile
Coloured compounds
Can form more than one type of ion.
Make useful catalysts
Some are magnetic.

9. Transition metals have coloured compounds
Salts are generally white solids……but…..if you dissolve them in water they produce coloured solutions (chart on page 237 in text book).

10. Variable Valencies Group 1 metals always form 1+ ions
Group 3 (Aluminium) always forms 3+ ions
Transition metals are not so straight forward.
Iron (Fe) can form 2+ or 3+ ions.
Fe O (green)
Fe2O3 (red brown)

11. Test for Iron Ions Add an alkali solution;
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Ammonia solution
Iron (II) salts will produce a green jelly like precipitate
FeCl NaOH Fe(OH) NaCl
Iron (III) salts will produce a red-brown precipitate.
FeCl NaOH Fe(OH) NaCl

12. Different Ions = different colours
Aqueous Solutions of Vanadium Ions in Oxidation States of +2 to +5
Vanadium ions can form ions with different oxidation states
The ions have different numbers of electrons, solutions of the ions have different colors.

13. Homework - Aluminium Write a paragraph on the usefulness of aluminium.
Describe the „Thermit“ reaction.
Describe the analytical test for Aluminium.