1. Implementing and Enforcing the Law NCSCOS 6.03/6.05/6.07

2. Thomas Hobbes no laws = chaos no laws = chaos public safety is required to keep order public safety is required to keep order laws must be just (fair) laws must be just (fair) enacted & enforced without bias enacted & enforced without bias

3. Implementing Law Once written and approved they must be effectively applied in society Once written and approved they must be effectively applied in society Regulatory Commissions Regulatory Commissions Established by the government to oversee certain areas Established by the government to oversee certain areas Independent Agencies Independent Agencies Established by legislative statute Established by legislative statute Outside the departments of the executive branch (both federal and state) Outside the departments of the executive branch (both federal and state)

4. Examples of Regulatory Commissions and Independent Agencies Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Trade Commission (FTC) National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

5. Enforcing Law Several agencies exist (federal/state/local level) to enforce laws through investigations and sometimes arrests Several agencies exist (federal/state/local level) to enforce laws through investigations and sometimes arrests Each level of government has their own jurisdiction (area of authority) Each level of government has their own jurisdiction (area of authority)

6. Enforcing Law (continued) Federal Law Enforcement Federal Law Enforcement US Department of Justice (DOJ): responsible for several agencies and enforcement of many of the nation’s federal laws (i.e. bank robberies, drug crimes within the US, terrorism) US Department of Justice (DOJ): responsible for several agencies and enforcement of many of the nation’s federal laws (i.e. bank robberies, drug crimes within the US, terrorism) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): nation’s top law enforcement agency; falls under authority of DOJ Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): nation’s top law enforcement agency; falls under authority of DOJ

7. Enforcing Law (continued) Federal Law Enforcement (continued) Federal Law Enforcement (continued) Secret Service: protects president and other VIP; also enforce counterfeiting of US money or treasury bonds Secret Service: protects president and other VIP; also enforce counterfeiting of US money or treasury bonds Military: protects the nation from international threats Military: protects the nation from international threats

8. Enforcing Law (continued) State Law Enforcement State Law Enforcement State Bureau of Investigation (SBI): the state’s top investigative agency; equivalent of the FBI; investigates both civil and criminal State Bureau of Investigation (SBI): the state’s top investigative agency; equivalent of the FBI; investigates both civil and criminal State Troopers: officers of state highway patrol; enforce and investigate violations of state traffic laws; also act as body guards for certain state officials State Troopers: officers of state highway patrol; enforce and investigate violations of state traffic laws; also act as body guards for certain state officials

9. Enforcing Law (continued) State Law Enforcement (continued) State Law Enforcement (continued) National Guard: military force consisting of private citizens who work civilian jobs, but also serve the military part-time National Guard: military force consisting of private citizens who work civilian jobs, but also serve the military part-time in times of war or emergency the president may “nationalize” the guard or call them up for military service in times of war or emergency the president may “nationalize” the guard or call them up for military service

10. Enforcing Law (continued) Local Law Enforcement Local Law Enforcement Sheriff’s Department Sheriff’s Department Sheriff (elected) and deputies (hired) Sheriff (elected) and deputies (hired) Enforce civil and criminal laws within the county Enforce civil and criminal laws within the county Police Department Police Department Chief of Police (appointed) and officers (hired) Chief of Police (appointed) and officers (hired) Enforce civil and criminal laws within city-limits Enforce civil and criminal laws within city-limits

11. Law Enforcement Techniques 911 Centers 911 Centers radar gun radar gun sobriety test sobriety test tickets/fines tickets/fines taser gun taser gun pepper spray pepper spray undercover agent drug raids “Click it or Ticket” “Move Over” Laws