1. How compact a city can become Do now part I

2. Due on today: Read pages 360 starting at Urban Sustainability to the end of the chapter Tables were to have read pages 353 to 360 stopping at Urban Sustainability. Make sure you know the following as a table: 1. City planning (in particular how Washington DC was planned) 2. Importance of zoning 3. Urban Growth boundaries 4. “Smart Growth” 5. Transit-Oriented Development 6. Importance of parks 7. Greenways Homework

3. Economists, politicians, and city boosters think growth is always good, but is it? Transportation: people are forced to drive cars – Lack of mass transit options – More traffic – Increases dependence on nonrenewable petroleum – Why do Americans avoid mass transit / car pooling? Pollution = carbon dioxide, air pollutants, ozone, smog, acid precipitation – Motor oil and road salt from roads and parking lots Problems with Sprawl

4. Resource sinks = cities must import resources – Relying on large expanses of land elsewhere for resources We need natural land for – Food, shelter, ores – Ecosystem services (air and water purification, nutrient cycling, waste treatment) – And Water, for example what is a reservoir? This is the Quabbin Reservoir, serves Boston with water. Used to be the towns of Greenwich, Enfield, Dana and Prescott Do now

5. Impact of water use in US (Colorado River): New Material

6. Impact of water use in Russia Aral Sea: Summarize the article concerning water in your notebook. You have 15 minutes to read and write a short summary (AP Exam prep!) New Material

7. Urbanization’s effects: efficiency Efficiency = dense concentrations of people in cities allow efficient delivery of goods and services – Delivery of electricity is more efficient High city density facilitates social services that improve the quality of life – Medical services, education, water and sewer systems, waste disposal, transportation Consumption = heavy use of outside resources increases the ecological footprints of cities The footprint is far greater than their land area

8. Pollution in cities Noise pollution = undesired ambient sound – Degrades surroundings, stressful, hurts hearing Light pollution = lights obscure the night sky – Impairing the visibility of stars Urban heat island effect = cities are hotter than surrounding areas -Buildings, vehicles, factories, and people generate heat -Dark buildings and pavement absorb heat

9. New Material Constructing or renovating buildings using efficient technologies – The best way to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions – Buildings consume 40% of energy and 70% of electricity Green buildings = structures that reduce their ecological footprints – Built from sustainable materials – Minimize energy and water use – Recycle wastes

10. Green design Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) = a certification program run by the U.S. Green Building Council New or renovated buildings apply for certification – They can be granted silver, gold, or platinum status Green building techniques are more expensive – But not as much as expected LEED certification is booming in the U.S. – Built with local, nontoxic products; are energy efficient, educational – That is it for the chapter