1. Bioenergy in Energy Planning in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Srdjan Vaskovic, Zoran Radovic
Mechanical Faculty East Sarajevo

2. Activites in energy planinnig
There are included knowledges: REAM, energy monitoring and targeting, energy planing in rural areas, energy planing on regional and national levels, energy efficiency and renewable energy in energy planing
REAM (Regional Energy Analysing Model) is software for modeling and analyze stationary energy systems in local communities and region in Europe we can use REAM in BiH on local level planning
- Economy – risk assessment, investment analysis

3. Methods of Calculating Profitability
The most common methods of calculating profitability are:
- Net present value method
- Difference method
- Net present value quotient method
- Annual cost method (annuity method)
- Internal rate of return method
- Pay-off method
- Energy savings cost method

4. Market
Main market actors:
Consumers
Producers
Policy (subidies, prices, taxes)
Sales and Marketing
Quality
Rumors

5. Key factors in energy management
Energy efficiency and renewable energy in energy planning
Energy Management
and Enviroment
End Users
Energy Consumption
Competent People
and Responsibility
-Costs of fuel
-Investment
-Labour
-Transport
∑ All Costs
Accessibility of Fuels
-bio
-eletricity
-coal
-wood
-gas
Small
Community
Monitoring and Targeting
-meters of energy
-temperature of outside meters
Organisation
Key factors in energy management
For realization energy management we have:
Barriers: Possibilities:
1. Competence employes Production enviromentaly friendly energy
2. Costs Employment
3. Organizing procedure Increase efficiency
4. Investment Long – term price reduction
5. Raise Awareness

6. Natural Biomass Resources
Wood biomass from cutting forest (forest residues)
Residues from primary wood processing
Agriculture residues
Focus on significant and availble bionergy for each
different region!!!

7. Technologies for collecting and processing of wood biomass
Forest residues
Technologies for harvesting and collecting forest and agriculture residues or energy crops (forwarders, skidders, chippers, etc) depend than type and available biomass and chipping place

8. Integrated system for wood chpis producing
Wood chips from forest residues
Very suitable for farm houses, rural areas where chips are easilily
available, house have space to handle and store chips

9. Forest residues consist of small trees, branches, tops and un-merchantable wood left in the forest after the cleaning, thinning or final felling of forest stands, used as fuel without any intermittent applications. Three main sources of forest residues can be distinguished: slash from final fellings, slash and small trees from thinnings and cleanings, and un-merchantable wood.
Three type for chipping:
- Terrain chipping
- Chipping at a landing (generally roadside chipping)
- Terminal chipping
- Chipping at plant
Terrain chipper
Type of harvesting and costs of harveting (Landwirtschaftskammersteiermark - Austrian Chamber of Forestry and Agriculture, 2007)

10. Visit of airport Gardermoen district heating
We visited district heating plant in Gardemoen with next characteristics:
Total installed power about 60 MW
two biomass boilers 11 MW
boilers on fossil fuels rest
Biomass fuels for this plant is chips with moisture content 40% with price 0,23 NOK/KWh. Maximal consumption chips per day is 700 m3.

11. Residues from primary wood processing
- Technologies for intermediate processing and storage wood biomass for
producing energy cariers:
briquette pellet
Main purposes for densification wood waste are: suitable for transport and handling,
lower costs for transport

12. Scheme of plant for produce briquette
Capacity of plant
3t/h
Heat value of 1 tone briquette
With 12% moisture
Invested energy for producing
1 tone briquette

13. Pellet manufacturing key factors
Raw materials
Dry wood processing by products
Saw dust and other wet by products
Straw and other agricultural by products, short rotation coppice
Plant types
Local and regional plants 2000 – 5000 tons/a, size fit to
available raw material
Plants for national and international market –
tons/a
Including raw material drying
Possibly CHP plant
Raw material often from several sources
Pellet quality
Standards for domestic boilers
Bigger plants may accept different quality with different price

14. - End use technologies on biomass for heat power :
Possibility for:
Application Small-Scale and Middle-Scale boilers for heating
(households) (public institutions (school, community buildings)
With the old boilers on coal we can add new boilers where exist complet facilities for district heating in small town and rural area!

15. District heating plants in position for rural developing
Posibilites with use district heating plants today:
– Biomass fuelled district heating is economical even in small towns today
– Single houses are joining district heating today
– Municipal owned plant is common
– Private companies offer heating services, a few networks are also owned and operated by private companies
– Plant operation and fuel supply offer jobs
Heat entreprenurship
Heat enetrepreneur operates heating plant, is responsible of the fuel procurement ( often invests in the plant ) and is paid according to heat delivered
Private company
Co-operative (farmers, forest owners, contractors etc.)
Typically 100 kW to 2 MW thermal capacity
New business area

16. Conclusion
First Opportunity for use biomass in rural area for BiH focused on wood
biomas:
Application Small-Scale and Middle-Scale boilers for heating in local area with
sufficiently amounts wooden biomass or other residues (Fuel for this could be
chips from forest)
Second Opportunity for Developmnet Rural Area in BiH:
Production briquettes and pellets (Raw material for production could be from
primary wood industry
Integrated system at the same time for production heat and drying raw
materials for production pellets or briquettes is the best way

17. Main Barriers to investment in bio-energy:
unnecessary or disproportionate bureaucratic restrictions;
the risks which are inherent in any new market but which can be removed over time;
economic constraints;
market failures; and,
ignorance of biomass and its potential.

18. Research are mostly focused on increase yield productivity, but there are serious need
for education campaign, financial stimulation and guaranteed benefit for those who know
how to realized opportunity to participated in energy market.
Biomass power market requires the development of a feedstock supply system based
on large-scale and sure production of biomass fuel and these requirements must be
considered as soon as possible.
Future expansion of the biomass power market is expected in next few years.
The development of forestry management and including of wood industry in
renewable energy production is a new sector with potential for considerable
expansion, offering benefits for growers, developers, consumers, local
communities and the environment.