1. 1.What two places are notorious for mid-plate mantle plumes, creating hot spots? ANS: Hawaii, Yellowstone 2. If granite and basalt were to be melted, and put together, how would you expect them to settle out, and why? ANS: granite on top, basalt on bottom…due to density 3. Who began the whole tectonics theory, with his continental drift hypothesis? ANS: Alfred Wegener

2. 4. The study of paleomagnetism and polar wandering wasn’t a factor in this early version of tectonic theory because… ANS: technology did not exist to measure or understand it. 5. Is the basalt on the oceanic floor older at the ridge, or nearest the continents? ANS: near the continents Use the following terms to answer these questions. (D, C, or T) DivergentConvergentTransform 6. Mid-Atlantic Ridge 7. African Rift Valley 8. Marianas Trench D D C

3. 9. The Wilson Cycle marries together the rock cycle that you learned when you were in middle school, and tectonics theory. There is an element of evolution, and direction. Which is the most complex craton in the Cycle? ANS: category I 10. How are hot spots formed? ANS: Hot plumes welling up within the mantle, reaching the lithospheric plates. 11. The boundary between the core and mantle, where hot spots originate, is known as… ANS: The Gutenberg Discontinuity

4. 12. Plate tectonics theory was proven due to supporting evidence such as our knowledge of Earth’s interior (heat and density), and… ANS: paleomagnetism 13. The patterns seen on the sea floor as magnetic anomalies, resulting from magnetic reversals over time most closely resemble what? ANS: Stripes on a zebra 14. What type of boundary produces subduction? ANS: Convergent

5. Use the following list to answer the questions (A) Entropy (B) Conservation of Energy (C) Absolute Zero (Zeroth) 15. The First Law of Thermodynamics 16. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 17. Heat inside the Earth is slowly dissipating 18. Thermometers 19. Why is the volcano on Kauai extinct? ANS: It has moved off the hot spot 20. This image showing the world’s major seismic activity, can also be used to determine… ANS: tectonic plate boundaries B A A C

6. 21. Wegener was never credited for his theory of continental drift, largely because… ANS: He couldn’t come up with a mechanism for tectonic movement that was plausible. 22. We know how the biosphere changes relative amounts of CO 2 in the atmosphere. How does the Earth, and plate tectonics change the amount of CO 2 in the atmosphere? ANS: Volcanism 23. Before Wegener, how did scientists think mountains formed? ANS: As the Earth cools, it contracts and shrinks, creating wrinkles (mountains) like a dry apple.

7. 24. What word most comes to mind when you hear the word “isostasy”? ANS: Buoyancy 25. What was Wegener’s most compelling evidence of continental drift? ANS: the puzzle piece fit…like torn newspaper of Africa and South America 26. What is paleomagnetism? ANS: the study of how the Earth’s magnetic field has changed over time. 27. What force provides most of the movement of tectonic plates? ANS: Slab Pull

8. 28. How does rotation of the Earth influence tectonics? ANS: direction of plate movement only, not speed Use the following words to answer the questions (S) Slab Pull(R) Ridge Push 29. Felt at Mid-Ocean 30. Felt at subduction zones 31. Happens at convergent boundaries 32. Happens at divergent boundaries R S S R