1. THE SOCIAL JUSTICE CHALLENGE FOR CHILDREN Maurizio Ferrera University of Milan and URGE, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Turin “Britain and Europe in the Global Age: common challenges, new opportunities” Policy Network London - 18 th January, 2007

2. Prof. Maurizio Ferrera 2 The Arch of Trajan

3. Prof. Maurizio Ferrera 3 The Arch of Trajan: detail

4. Prof. Maurizio Ferrera 4 Child poverty vs. total poverty in the Eu (2003 or latest available year) Source: Eurostat, New Chronos database (2005), European Observatory on the Social Situation (SSO) Notes: reference year 2003, except: FR, LV, LT, HU, NL, PL, SL, SE, BG, RO, TR: 2002; IT, PT: 2001, MT: 2000.

5. Prof. Maurizio Ferrera 5 Poverty rates in specific age groups: 0-15 vs. 65+ Source: Eurostat, New Chronos database (2005), European Observatory on the Social Situation (SSO) Notes: reference year 2003, except: FR, LV, NL, PL, BG, RO: 2002; IT: 2001, MT: 2000. Countries list: HU - Hungary CZ - Czech Republic BG - Bulgaria FR - France NL - Netherlands LV Latvia DE - Germany LT - Lithuania EE - Estonia MT - Malta PL - Poland Ro - Romania IT - Italy SK - Slovakia

6. Prof. Maurizio Ferrera 6 Child poverty original deficit of human capital More working poor Less revenues Higher spending for compensatory social assistance measures More poor pensioners Less sustainability of pension systems TIME

7. Prof. Maurizio Ferrera 7 Top priorities:  Fight against child poverty  More investment in education (especially Early Childhood Education and Care: ECEC)  New employment  Additional tax revenues  Savings in compensatory measures

8. Prof. Maurizio Ferrera 8 A role for the Eu: 1.Highlighting the issues 2.Mobilizing knowledge and actors 3.Financial incentives possibly: 4. Binding commitments: - Minimum income guarantee? - Childcare guarantee? - Child capital grant?

9. Prof. Maurizio Ferrera 9 The Hampton Court Agenda