1. © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 McGraw-Hill Principles Based on Authority Key concepts – delegation, unity of command, the scalar principle, and the chain of command Delegation: The Parity Principle Herbert Engel Occurs when one needs something done Responsibility Parity principle Subordinates must accept Reasons for manager’s reluctance Successful delegation

2. © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 McGraw-Hill How to Delegate Successful delegation Defining objectives Controlling delegation Checks Most vague part Rule of thumb Failure to master Exception principle Micromanaging

3. © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 McGraw-Hill Unity of Command One immediate manager Key to avoiding problems Problems stem from managers Scalar Principle Chain of command Problem Common misconception

4. © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 McGraw-Hill Span of Management Sir Ian Hamilton V. A. Graicunas Lyndall Urwick Criticism Revision Opposite situation overlooked Pros and cons

5. © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 McGraw-Hill Workplace Changes in Organizations Changes Flextime – advantages Telecommuting – Advantages – Disadvantages Job sharing – Forms – Critical factor – Benefits