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Section 3 – Women and the War
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Objectives Explain why new kinds of jobs opened up for women in WWII. Compare the benefits and problems that women workers experienced. Describe what happened to women workers at the end of the war. Main Idea During WWII, more American women went to work in nontraditional, war-industry jobs, but they were discouraged from keeping those jobs after the war ended.
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Prior to WWII most women who worked were young and single. Socially unacceptable for married women to work (polled people 82% said it was unacceptable) WWII brought women into new high paying areas of work force; airplane plants, shipyards, riveters, steelworkers, welders
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OWI launched recruitment campaigns aimed at women who normally would not work (older and married) Campaign said “patriotic duty” to work for war effort Number of women working rose 1/3 Made up 35% of work force Extremely successful with married/older women
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Most women were pleased to be employed Benefits of employment for women Money Challenge Sense of Accomplishment/Pride both for war and for themselves African American women still faced many prejudices but improved their chances for employment during WWII (from 6.8 to 18 percent)
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Many obstacles in workplace for women Hostile reactions from other workers, males especially Leaving children at home without day-care centers Women often were paid much less than men and had less seniority (typically advanced less overall)
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Assumed women would leave their wartime occupations after the war. Pressures to return to the home were intense New campaign by the government encouraged women to leave their jobs after the war Twice as many women lost jobs overall
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