1. Basics of Earthquakes Frequency
Pendulum: Swings at a frequency of one vibration per second = 1 Hz = Period of 1 sec

2. Basics of Earthquakes [ C D E F G A B ]
Frequency
[ C D E F G A B ]
Piano - Note C = 128 times per Sec
= 128 Hz

3. Basics of Earthquakes Frequency
10-story building - Pull the top to one side and release it = ??

4. Basics of Earthquakes
Resonance is when motion at a given frequency is amplified by waves of that same frequency

5. Basics of Earthquakes Single degree of freedom (SDoF) oscillator
Natural Frequency, fn,
Where, fn = Natural Frequency (Hertz ) or (No. of Cycles/Second) k = Element Stiffness (N/m) m = Element Mass (kg)
Radian frequency, ωn = 2 π fn

6. Strong Ground motion Accelerations between 0.001 and 2 g
Frequencies between 0 to 100 Hz.

7. Basics of Earthquakes f(t) = ma + kt + cu f(t) = cu + ků + mϋ
Branch of Structural Dynamics
Simplified SDOF ‘equation of motion’
f(t) = ma + kt + cu
Or’
f(t) = cu + ků + mϋ
ů = du / dt
ϋ = dů/dt
F = Shear Force
m = Mass
k = Stiffness
c = damping coefficient
a = acceleration
T = time period
u = displacement

8. Analysis Depends on ‘type of building’ and ‘extent of needs’ Types
Static
Dynamic
Names such as
Equivalent load / Linear Static
Time history / Linear Dynamic
Response spectrum / Pushover / Non Linear Static

9. Basics of Earthquake resistant Construction
Look to Ensure
Proper Design
Architectural
Structure
Construction quality
Coordination between agencies, and clarity of roles
Intelligent solutions such as
Base Isolation
Flotation