1. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

2.  Pronoun: word that stands for a noun  Antecedent: the word that the pronoun stands for  Example  Carol needs new shoes because she stepped in a hole.  The students submitted their petition.

3.  A singular antecedent needs a singular pronoun.  A plural antecedent needs a plural pronoun  It’s just like present-tense subject verb agreement (she walks vs. she walk) His or her/ He or she Everyone No one An individual Their/They People Many individuals Most

4. Singular antecedents Singular Antecedents: Anybody, Anyone, Everybody, Everyone, Nobody, No one, Nothing, One, Somebody, Someone, Each, Either, Neither (one, body, thing) Singular pronouns: he, she, it, his, her, its, he or she, his or her  Everyone did their homework—NO  Everyone did his or her homework—YES  Each person thought that he or she was the best—YES  We use the phrase “his or her” or “he or she” for a pronoun when the antecedent is singular, but we don’t know the gender  His or her, he or she, it, its------NOT THEIR

5. Plural antecedents  Plural antecedents: some, all, many, both, two subjects joined by “and”  These are easier to figure out  Plural pronoun: they, their  All of the students got his trophy—NO  All of the students got their trophies—YES

6. Practice (answers on next slide)  Many good athletes spend (their/his or her) time training after school.  Nora placed (their/her) watch on the shelf by her bed.  General Motors will probably recall most of (its, their) four-wheel- drive vehicles.  No one has offered to let us use (her, their, his or her) home for the department meeting.  John and Kate want (her/their) children to grow up strong.  A student should do all (his or her/their) homework

7. Practice answers  Many good athletes spend (their/his or her) time training after school.  Nora placed (their/her) watch on the shelf by her bed.  General Motors will probably recall most of (its, their) four-wheel- drive vehicles. (one company, singular)  No one has offered to let us use (her, their, his or her) home for the department meeting.  John and Kate want (her/their) children to grow up strong.  A student should do all (his or her/their) homework

8. Are these right or wrong? (answers on next slide) 1.Many visitors to India begin their vacations in Bombay. 2.All of the students enjoyed his or her visit to that city. 3.One of Bombay’s best features is their pleasant weather. 4.Some of the city’s appeal is their mix of old and new. 5.Both students knew his trip would be great. 6.Neither of them had developed their photographs of the city.

9. Are these right or wrong? 1.Many visitors to India begin their vacations in Bombay. 2.All of the students enjoyed his or her visit to that city. their 3.One of Bombay’s best features is their pleasant weather. its 4.Some of the city’s appeal is their mix of old and new. its 5.Both students knew his trip would be great. their 6.Neither of them had developed their photographs of the city. His or her

10. Are these right or wrong? (answers on next slide) 7. One of the girls finally let me see their pictures. 8. Every Indian city has its own advantages. 9. Both cities face challenges because of their large populations. 10. However, either Bombay or New Delhi will surprise its visitors with all the things to see.

11. Are these right or wrong? 7. One of the girls finally let me see their pictures. her 8. Every Indian city has its own advantages. 9. Both cities face challenges because of their large populations. 10. However, either Bombay or New Delhi will surprise its visitors with all the things to see.