1. The Second Battle of Ypres David Bissonnette (EE-pre) 1915

2. Members Members of the First Canadian Division Infantry Units (Brigades 1-4, Brigade 4 dispersed in battle, Battalions 1-16) French residents and troops British Troops Offensive Defensive German troops (No numbers were given)

3. 4 Parts The Second Battle of Ypres was separated into four parts: The Battle of Gravenstafel The Battle of Saint Julien The Battle of Frezenburg The Battle of Bellewaarde

4. The Battle of Gravenstafel Germans spread 168 tonnes of chlorine gas over 6.5 kilometres over French territory on April 22 at about 5:00 pm. The French and many colonial troops were taken by surprise, 6 000 died of asphyxiation. A 6.4 kilometre gap was made between the front line and the troops. Germans waited because they were afraid of the gas’ effects (the French were their guinea pigs). Canadian troops actually peed in cloths and put them on their faces to breathe. The Canadians’ 10 th Battalion, 2 nd Brigade filled the gap at Saint Julien at 11:00 pm that night. Canadians held the line until May 3 rd. 6 000 French/Canadian casualties. Canadians were commemorated as the Saint Julian Memorial.

5. The Battle of Saint Julien Saint Julien became the front line for Canadian troops in the chlorine gassing in Gravenstafel. More chlorine gas was released by the Germans on April 24. St. Julien was taken. Gas masks were made to replace urine. About 1940 Canadian military casualties.

6. The Battle of Frezenburg Battle began on May 8 th. Canadians were halted between Saint Julien and Frezenburg and the Germans fought the Canadians and some remaining French survivors. More chlorine gas was released on April 24 th.

7. The Battle of Bellewaarde May 24 th, one last gas attack caused many British troops to retreat North and South.

8. Aftermath The Ypres Salient was destroyed completely by gunfire. Gas attacks were never an actual “surprise” attack, since from then on, they were expected. Old tactics used in the Battle were replaced by new, more usable techniques. Lieutenant Colonel John Alexander McCrae wrote the poem “In Flanders Fields”, which was used to honor those who died in the Battle. It is now recited every Remembrance Day and Memorial Day as an act of tradition.

9. Billio- Bilgio- Bilbo- References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_ Ypres