1. Human Heredity

2. 1. condition : gender symptoms : male or female genetic cause : sex chromosomes genotypes/phenotypes : XX = female XY = male

5. 2. condition : height, weight, skin color, eye color symptoms : vary genetic cause : multiple genes (polygenic) genotypes/phenotypes : most human traits are determined by many different genes, not just one -eye color is determined by at least 6 genes -light blue eyes have 0 dominant alles. dark brown have 6

6. 3. condition : blood groups symptoms : O, A, B, or AB blood type genetic cause : one gene with three alleles genotypes/phenotypes : ii = Type O I A I A or I A i = Type A I B I B or I B i = Type B I A I B = Type AB -Type AB is the universal recipient -Type O is the universal donor -A or B antigens must already be present if person is to receive blood with either antigen in it or results can be fatal

7. 4. condition : Huntington’s Disease symptoms : crippling, fatal, nervous system disease genetic cause : one dominant allele genotypes/phenotypes : HH, Hh = have disease hh = normal

8. 5. condition : Sickle Cell Anemia symptoms : weakness, dizzy spells, blood flow issues genetic cause : codominant allele genotypes/phenotypes : H A H A = normal RBC’s H A H S = some sickle RBC’s, not enough to make person sick; resistance to malaria H S H S = sickle cell sufferer

9. Distribution of Sickle Cell Anemia mirrors that of Malaria - people who are heterozygous for Sickle Cell Anemia are more resistant to malaria

10. 6. condition : Down syndrome symptoms : mental retardation, other physical challenges genetic cause : nondisjunction during meiosis resulting in an extra copy of chromosome 21 genotypes/phenotypes : 2 copies of chromosome 21 = normal 3 copies of chromosome 21 = Down syndrome

11. 7. condition : Turner syndrome symptoms : female but sex organs do not develop genetic cause : nondisjunction during meiosis resulting in only one X chromosome genotypes/phenotypes : XX = female XO = Turner syndrome

12. 8. condition : Klinefelter syndrome symptoms : male but low testosterone genetic cause : nondisjunction during meiosis resulting in extra X chromosome genotypes/phenotypes : XY = male XXY = male with Klinefelter syndrome

13. 9. condition : hemophilia symptoms : blood doesn’t clot genetic cause : recessive allele on the X chromosome genotypes/phenotypes : X H Y = normal male X h Y = male with hemophilia X H X H or X H X h = normal female X h X h = female with hemophilia

15. 10. condition : muscular dystrophy symptoms : wasting away of muscles genetic cause : recessive allele on the X chromosome genotypes/phenotypes : X M Y = normal male X m Y = male with MD X M X M or X M X m = normal female X m X m = female with MD

16. 11. condition : colorblindness symptoms : difficulty seeing colors genetic cause : recessive allele on the X chromosome genotypes/phenotypes : X C Y = normal male X c Y = colorblind male X C X C or X C X c = normal female X c X c = colorblind female