1. FEDERALISM FRQ 2005.2 MADDIE BALLAN

2. FEDERALISM 2005.2 WHAT YOU’RE DEALING WITH (6 POINTS TOTAL) ▸ The power of the federal government relative to the power of the states has increased since the ratification of the Constitution.

3. 2005.2 PART A (4 POINTS, 1 POINT FOR EACH DESCRIPTION AND 1 FOR EACH EXPLANATION) ▸ Describe two of the following provisions of the Constitution and explain how each has been used over time to expand federal power. ▸ The power to tax and spend ▸ The “necessary and proper” or “elastic” clause ▸ The commerce clause

4. 2005.2 POSSIBLE RESPONSE FOR PART A ▸ When the Constitution was first created, the framers along with the rest of the country, were still recovering from the British Rule. They opposed a strong government, not wanting history to repeat itself. But since then, various amendments and provisions have been added to give the federal government more power. The power to tax and spend, exercised by Congress/the federal government, was once a power that the states held. Now, the federal government can levy taxes and spend money where it sees fit. The elastic clause gave more power to the federal government because it allowed the government to overrule state decisions in order to do what it saw as necessary and proper to ensure the safety of citizens. The commerce clause allowed the federal government to regulate issues regarding commerce. This allowed the federal government to wield a large amount of power over the states.

5. 2005.2 PART B (2 POINTS, 1 FOR EACH IDENTIFICATION AND 1 FOR EACH EXPLANATION ▸ Explain how one of the following has increased the power of the federal government relative to the power of state governments. ▸ Americans with Disabilities Act ▸ Civil Rights Act of 1964 ▸ Clean Air Act

6. 2005.2 POSSIBLE RESPONSE FOR PART B ▸ The Americans with Disabilities Act gave the federal government more power. This act was directed towards Americans with disabilities in the workforce. It stated that if an american with a disability could successfully complete a job, it would be wrong to deprive them of the opportunity. This act went against state policies, so it showed the supremacy of the federal government in being able to overturn state decisions. The Clean Air Act established national air quality standards and required the states to administer the new standards. This gave the federal government more power because if the states do not comply, they can be fined. Also, the government did not supply funds because this was a mandate (an official order to do something). The federal government exerted more influence over the states by finding the solution to a problem that requires the attention of each state.

7. 2005.2 ANOTHER POSSIBLE RESPONSE FOR PART B ▸ The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited the segregation of public areas and facilities along with discrimination on the basis of race, gender, and religion. This act once again shows us the supremacy of the federal government over the state governments. In many states, especially southern ones, discrimination was not regulated. This act declared it as unlawful to do so. The Civil Rights Act also shows us the federal government overruling the decisions of state governments.