1. p. 46

2. The bonobo is a great ape commonly found in the Congo Basin, Central Africa. Bonobos are very similar to chimpanzees, who are close relatives but can be identified by their pink lips and longer black hair atop their heads. Although very similar, it is generally accepted by scientists that bonobos are less aggressive than chimpanzees. First, bonobos are less aggressive toward strangers. Results from a controlled experiment conducted inside a zoo support this claim. Scientists found that bonobos treat strangers as members of their group while chimpanzees treat others as an outside rival. When a new companion was locked out of his enclosure, the bonobo opened its door to share a meal. On the other hand, chimps tended to hoard their food and protect their meals. These results would seem to indicate that booboos are a much less aggressive species. Seconds, bonobos seem to show less aggression when hunting. Chimpanzees are known to hunt in groups while Bonobos hunt alone. Although both primates are risk-averse, meaing they do not take unnecessary risks, being in a group setting makes it easier to be more violent. Bonobos are less likely to be aggressive because they cannot take on large risks due to their tendency to hunt alone. Finally, the social structure of bonobos seems to discourage aggression. The social hierarchy of bonobos is not only dominated by females but is also very weak. This is why attacks among male bonobos to gain status as the leader are uncommon. On the other hand, chimpanzees live in a male-dominated society in which males fight with each other to become the superior leader.

3. R/C 서론의 구조 배경지식 The bonobo is a great ape commonly found in the Congo Basin, Central Africa. Bonobos are very similar to chimpanzees, who are close relatives but can be identified by their pink lips and longer black hair atop their heads. Although very similar, it is generally accepted by scientists that bonobos are less aggressive than chimpanzees.

4. R/C 서론의 구조 The bonobo is a great ape commonly found in the Congo Basin, Central Africa. Bonobos are very similar to chimpanzees, who are close relatives but can be identified by their pink lips and longer black hair atop their heads. Although very similar, it is generally accepted by scientists that 주장 / 의견 bonobos are less aggressive than chimpanzees.

5. Even if S + V, S + V. Even though S + V, S + V. Although S + V, S + V. Though S + V, S + V.

6. Even if S + V, S + V. Even though S + V, S + V. Although S + V, S + V. Though S + V, S + V.

7. R/C 본론 1 의 구조 First, bonobos are less aggressive toward strangers. Results from a controlled experiment conducted inside a zoo support this claim. Scientists found that bonobos treat strangers as members of their group while chimpanzees treat others as an outside rival. When a new companion was locked out of his enclosure, the bonobo opened its door to share a meal. On the other hand, chimps tended to hoard their food and protect their meals. These results would seem to indicate that booboos are a much less aggressive species.

8. R/C 본론 2 의 구조 Seconds, bonobos seem to show less aggression when hunting. Chimpanzees are known to hunt in groups while Bonobos hunt alone. Although both primates are risk-averse, meaing they do not take unnecessary risks, being in a group setting makes it easier to be more violent. Bonobos are less likely to be aggressive because they cannot take on large risks due to their tendency to hunt alone.

9. R/C 본론 3 의 구조 Finally, the social structure of bonobos seems to discourage aggression. The social hierarchy of bonobos is not only dominated by females but is also very weak. This is why attacks among male bonobos to gain status as the leader are uncommon. On the other hand, chimpanzees live in a male-dominated society in which males fight with each other to become the superior leader.

10. R/C note—taking

11. p. 47 note-taking 전략 1. 주인공은 알파벳 대문자 하나로 기록 2.partial spelling 으로 기록 3. 기호 / 부호 사용 (

12. Although bonobos may seem less aggressive than chimpanzees, the arguments on why they are more passive than chimpanzees are unconvincing. First, the idea that bonobos are less aggressive to outsiders due to the results of an experiment… well, the experiment makes the incorrect assumption that animals in captivity behave similarly to those that are in the wild. The situation in zoos and the African jungle are very different. Captivity provides a very safe environment, and therefore many animals lose their survival instincts. This is most likely the case in the experiment with bonobos. In the wild where survival is very difficult, animals that are usually peaceful in zoos are much more aggressive towards strangers. Second, it is unlikely that bonobos are less aggressive when hunting. Animals are not less aggressive just because they hunt alone. They may be more cautious, but that does not mean they are less hostile. Even though bonobos hunt alone, this does not change the fact that they still need to kill their prey. Actually, being alone could make them more aggressive as they need to overpower their prey without the help of others. Some researchers also mentioned that they have more bonobos scars then chimp scars on their body. And third, social structure may play an important role in aggression within the male population, but what about females? Observations of bonobos in zoos have shown that females participate in bullying and attack members of their group, much like that of actions make by male chimpanzees. All animals are competitive by nature. It’s just that in the case of bonobos the female population competes rather than their male counterparts. Although the bonobo society is female- dominated, this does not mean that they are a peaceful species and that they live in perfect harmony.

13. Although bonobos may seem less aggressive than chimpanzees, the arguments on why they are more passive than chimpanzees are unconvincing. First, the idea that bonobos are less aggressive to outsiders due to the results of an experiment… well, the experiment makes the incorrect assumption that animals in captivity behave similarly to those that are in the wild. The situation in zoos and the African jungle are very different. Captivity provides a very safe environment, and therefore many animals lose their survival instincts. This is most likely ( 십중팔구 ) the case (be the case = be true) in the experiment with bonobos. In the wild where survival is very difficult, animals that are usually peaceful in zoos are much more aggressive towards strangers.

14. Second, it is unlikely 가능성 없는 that bonobos are less aggressive when hunting. Animals are not less aggressive just because they hunt alone. They may be more cautious, but that does not mean they are less hostile. Even though bonobos hunt alone, this does not change the fact that they still need to kill their prey 불가산 명사 / 먹이. Actually, being alone could make them more aggressive as they need to overpower ~ 를 압도하다 their prey without the help of others. Some researchers also mentioned that they have more bonobos scars then chimp scars on their body 먹이 감의 몸. And third, social structure may play an important role in aggression within the male population, but what about females? Observations of bonobos in zoos have shown that females participate in bullying and attack members of their group, much like that of actions made by male chimpanzees. All animals are competitive by nature. It’s just that in the case of bonobos the female population competes rather than their male counterparts. Although the bonobo society is female-dominated, this does not mean that they are a peaceful species and that they live in perfect harmony.

15. L/C note-taking

17. p. 55

18. _______________________________________________ _____

21. 보노보 완성된 에세이를 작성해서 월요일 수업 때 출력 / 수기 제출 (1.5 줄 간격 ) 150~225