1. Global II The Rise of Totalitarian States Ch 30, Sec 3 Fascism in Italy Pg. 678 - 680

2. Objectives 14.4Explain why Mussolini was able to come to power in Italy 14.5List the goals of Fascism 14.6Describe how the League of Nations responded to Mussolini’s aggression

3. Lesson Launch Please take out a piece of scrap paper. Write down the first 3 things that come to your mind from the following pictures:

4. Benito Mussolini – Il Duce Leader of Fascist Party An Extreme Nationalist Black Shirts – Military wing of Fascists Ordered violence and brutality against opponents Rise to Power in Italy: Post WWI Problems – G.D. Fear of Communism By middle class Appeal of Nationalism Weak existing government Could not solve problems of times 1922 – Ruler of Italy

5. Fascism 1. For Dictatorship/Totalitarianism Cult of State Worship: Government control of all human activity Fascists were taught: Credere! [to believe] Obbedire! [to obey] Combattere! [to fight] Seize power by force – suppress opposition by force Abuses against human rights: People persuaded that human rights can be ignored out of “need” People look the other way or even approve of torture, summary executions, long incarcerations without trials, assassinations, etc. Cult of Personality: Dictator omnipotent -all-knowing, wise, competent

6. Fascism 2. For Nationalism Glorified War – Militarism Emphasis on national or racial rebirth! “Spiritual Revolution” – against signs of decay [such as individualism and materialism] Traditional gender roles made rigid – the state ultimate guardian of family institution – Women should return to “barefoot & pregnant” role – exception: some secretaries Scapegoats/Enemies as unifying cause: Purge “alien” forces and groups that threaten organic community Racial, ethnic, a religious minority, liberals, communists Advocates for Imperialism – Social Darwinism – needs for industry

7. Fascism 3. Against Democracy Feel it is weak and inefficient Usually governed by groups of friends who appoint each other to government positions Fraudulent Elections: elections manipulated or assassinations against enemies Feel that people exist to serve the state 4. Against Marxism Opposed Socialist or Communist Economy Fascists encourage free trade – Capitalism Government oversees wages, hours, working conditions Labor unions are outlawed or controlled by government

8. Review What were Stalin’s goals for the USSR and how did he achieve them? What is a totalitarian state like? What were some of the human costs of Stalin’s policies? Why was Mussolini able to come to power in Italy? What are the main points of Fascism?

9. Fascist Foreign Policy Imperialism & War “We have a right to an empire” – Mussolini Italian Foreign Policy Protectorate of Albania Invaded Ethiopia League of Nations did little beyond economic sanctions to stop this.

10. Closure Why was Mussolini able to come to power in Italy? What are the main points of Fascism? What did the League of Nations do to stop Italian aggression?

11. Homework Joseph Stalin (5 yr Plan) Fascism BONUS Homework Benito Mussolini