1. The Cold War

2. Germany and the Cold War Germany was divided into two (east and west) in 1948-1949. The Berlin Airlift of 1948: The Soviet Union blockaded Berlin to seize control of the whole city. Due to the U.S. and allies’ airlift, the Soviets abandoned the blockade.

3. Occupied Germany, 1945-1949. Occupied Germany, 1945-1949. Page: 1072 Page: 1072

4. cape.k12.me.us Berlin Wall To stop the flow of Germans fleeing communist East Germany, the communists built the Berlin Wall. It was dismantled in 1989 when communist rule began to collapse.

5. Divided

7. Korean War (1950-1953)instruct.westvalley.edu U.S. war dead: 36,197. China and the Soviet Union supported communist North Korea (led by Kim il-Sung), which had invaded South Korea. The United Nations voted to provide assistance to South Korea.

8. Korean War

9. China and communist rule coldwarstudies.com After WWII ended in 1945, the fight between the Nationalists and Communists continued (1945-1949). With help from the Soviet Union (Stalin), the Communists defeated the Nationalists and pushed Chiang and two million of his followers to Taiwan.

12. Chinese National Anthem Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves; With our very flesh and blood Let us build our new Great Wall! The peoples of China are at their most critical time, Everybody must roar defiance. Arise! Arise! Arise! Millions of hearts with one mind, Brave the enemy's gunfire, March on! Brave the enemy's gunfire, March on! March on! March on, on! Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves; With our very flesh and blood Let us build our new Great Wall! The peoples of China are at their most critical time, Everybody must roar defiance. Arise! Arise! Arise! Millions of hearts with one mind, Brave the enemy's gunfire, March on! Brave the enemy's gunfire, March on! March on! March on, on! Qi lai! Bu yuan zuo nu li de ren men! Ba wo men de xie rou, Zhu cheng wo men xin de chang cheng! Zhong hua min zu dao le zui wei xian de shi hou, Mei ge ren bei po zhe fa chu zui hou de hou sheng. Qi lai! Qi lai! Qi lai! Wo men wan zhong yi xing, Mao zhe di ren de pao huo qian jin! Mao zhe di ren de pao huo qian jin! Qian jin! Qian jin! Jin! Qi lai! Bu yuan zuo nu li de ren men! Ba wo men de xie rou, Zhu cheng wo men xin de chang cheng! Zhong hua min zu dao le zui wei xian de shi hou, Mei ge ren bei po zhe fa chu zui hou de hou sheng. Qi lai! Qi lai! Qi lai! Wo men wan zhong yi xing, Mao zhe di ren de pao huo qian jin! Mao zhe di ren de pao huo qian jin! Qian jin! Qian jin! Jin!

13. ft.com Dalai Lama meets Mao Zedong in 1954 Mao Zedong: Chinese Communist leader ruled from 1949 until 1976. Mao executed or jailed dissenters. China invaded Tibet in 1950 and continues to control it.

14. Cuba Fidel Castro 1959: Fidel Castro led a revolution that overthrew dictator Fulgencio Batista. Castro instituted a communist regime. Bay of Pigs invasion (1962): CIA supported anti- communist Cubans who failed to overthrow Castro.

15. Soviet leader Nikita Krushchev Cuban Missile Crisis (1962): Cuba received nuclear weapons from the Soviet Union. A nuclear conflict was averted when Soviet leader Nikita Krushchev agreed to withdraw the missiles.

16. Cuban Missile Crisis

17. Challenges to Soviet hegemony TitoNagyDubcek Yugoslavia and Josip Broz (Marshall Tito): 1945-1980 Hungary and Imry Nagy (1956) Alexander Dubcek and Czechoslovakia (1968)

18. Peron, Batista, Franco, Tito

19. Soviet Union (1953-1991) 1953: Stalin died. 1956: Nikita Krushchev became general secretary. “De-Stalinization” policy. Hungarian revolt against Soviet control was crushed. 1957: Soviets launched Sputnik, the first satellite.

20. Konstantin Chernenko and Leonid Brezhnev 1961: Berlin Wall crisis. Yuri Gagarin became the first man to orbit the earth. 1962: Cuban Missile crisis. 1964: Leonid Brezhnev replaced Krushchev.

21. 1968: Soviets invaded Czechoslovakia to end liberalization program (Prague Spring). Brezhnev Doctrine: Soviet right to invade any socialist country that is threatened by internal dissent.

22. Late 1960s: Détente: U.S.S.R and the U.S. agreed to reduce mutual hostility. hostility. 1979: Soviets invaded Afghanistan to support a communist regime. They withdrew in 1989.

23. Yuri Andropov

24. Ronald Reagan Mikhail Gorbachev 1980: U.S. president Ronald Reagan began an arms race with the Soviets. 1985: Mikhail Gorbachev became the Soviet leader. He attempted reforms known as glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring).

25. Mikhail Gorbachev

26. Boris Yeltsin 1991: The Soviet Union collapsed and was succeeded by 15 independent countries. Boris Yeltsin became the first popularly elected president of Russia.

27. The collapse of the Soviet Union and European communist regimes The collapse of the Soviet Union and European communist regimes

28. Vladimir Putin

29. Dmitri Medvedev

30. Vietnam War (1960-1974) Dwight Eisenhower (1952- 1960) First France in the 1950s and then the U.S. sought to help South Vietnam against a communist insurgency supported by North Vietnam, the Soviet Union and China.

31. John Kennedy (1960-1963)

32. Lyndon Johnson (1963-1968)

33. Richard Nixon (1968-1974) The U.S. withdrew in 1974 and South Vietnam fell to the insurgents the next Year. U.S. war dead: 58,169