1. Information Literacy & Open Access for Physics and Astronomy Graduate Students Jackie Werner, Science Librarian Georgia State University jwerner3@gsu.edu

2. Outline  Background  Open Access & SCOAP 3  Open Access in Physics & Astronomy  Faculty and Open Access  Graduate Students and Library Research  Methodology  Results  Discussion

3. Introduction

4. Open Access & SCOAP 3

6. SCOAP 3  Sponsoring Committee for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics  High-Energy Physics partnership  Negotiated with top ten HEP journals to pay fees to make all articles green open access  4,280 articles published as green OA in 2014, “comprising the majority of the high-quality peer-reviewed literature in the field of High-Energy Physics”

8. OA in Physics & Astronomy  arXiv  Founded in 1991  Preprints and OA articles  Multiple disciplines  Most HEP articles appear on arXiv

9. OA in Physics & Astronomy  Astrophysics Data System (ADS)  Founded in 1992  Abstract database including arXiv & traditional journals  Includes OA and non  Digitizes older publications

10. OA in Physics & Astronomy  INSPIRE-HEP  Replaced SPIRES in 2012  Searches arXiv & HEP resources  Curated content in HEP  Includes OA and non

11. OA in Physics & Astronomy  CERN Document Server (CDS)  Covers all CERN publications  Searches arXiv & other HEP publications  Includes OA and non

12. OA in Physics & Astronomy  Google Scholar  Not technically OA, but…

13. Faculty and Open Access  HEP researchers support open access  Scientists are aware of open access  Faculty & graduate students recognize what is open access

14. Graduate Students and Library Research  Graduate students turn to faculty advisors and lab group for literature searches  …if they receive instruction at all  Are graduate students aware of open access ?

15. My Research

16. Methodology  Conducted at Georgia Institute of Technology and Georgia State University  Interviewed graduate coordinator for Physics and Astronomy program  Sent survey to all Physics & Astronomy graduate students

17. Results  Current responses:  1 graduate coordinator interview  16 complete graduate student surveys  0-1 years in program: 4  1-2 years: 3  2-3 years: 3  3-4 years: 3  4+ years: 3

18. Q8. Have you ever received training or asked for help on how to search for physics articles in graduate school? No Yes, in graduate courses Yes, by advisor Yes, by a librarian speaking to a group Yes, but only after asking a professor/librarian Yes, somewhere else

19. Information Literacy Instruction – Faculty  Graduate students given practice with oral presentation and published papers  Information literacy instruction and practice depends on graduate advisors  No library orientation for graduate students?

20. Information Literacy Instruction – Graduate Students

22. Q6. Are you aware of open access (OA)? 1.Never heard of it 2.Heard the term, but don’t know what it means 3.Yes, somewhat aware 4.Yes, very aware 5.Yes, and I keep up with news and developments in open access

23. Open Access – Faculty  Library faculty advisory board spent year educating campus on open access  Official stance open access publication is encouraged, but not required  Students may not know which resources library is paying for

24. Open Access – Graduate Students

26. Q9. Have you published a peer- reviewed article while in graduate school? Q10. How many peer-reviewed articles have you published while in graduate school? Q11. How many peer-reviewed articles have you submitted while in graduate school, but are not yet published? Q12. Where is your article(s) currently available?

27. Publication – Faculty  Some faculty “take it as their responsibility” to have students write papers, others don’t  Publication is not required for graduation

28. Publication – Graduate Students

29. Number of Publications

30. Availability of Publications

31. Q5. Are you aware of these resources and do you use them to find physics and/or astronomy articles? 1.Never heard of 2.Aware of but don’t use/use rarely 3.Aware of and use 4.Use frequently

32. Resources Used – Faculty  “Everybody uses [ arXiv ] without fail.”  Many faculty don’t use journals and don’t care about final publication

33. Resources Used – Graduate Students

36. Q13. How do you keep up with new developments and publications in your field?

37. Keeping Up – Faculty  “Everybody uses [ arXiv ] without fail.”  Faculty get Table of Contents from journals  Students mostly use Google Scholar—” as good as any search engine we pay for ”  Faculty and students encouraged to keep up in person (conferences, etc.)

38. Keeping Up – Graduate Students

39. Q14. How do you think methods of keeping up with new developments and /or publications in your field will change in the next five years?

40. Changes in Five Years  No “ dramatic changes ”  Aggregation  “Scientific community similar to LinkedIn”  Improvements to existing resources  “Wider recognition of open access journals ”

41. Takeaways  We don’t know how graduate students do research  Open access resources may serve students’ needs  …but students don’t know what library resources do  Many questions still to ask

42. References  Catalano, A. (2011). Patterns of graduate students' information seeking behavior: A meta-synthesis of the literature. Journal of Documentation, 69(2): 243-274.  George, C., Bright, A., Hurlbert, T., Linke, E.C., St. Clair, G., & Stein, J. (2006). Scholarly use of information: Graduate students' information seeking behaviour. Information Research, 11(4): paper 272. Retrieved from http://InformationR.net/ir/11-4/paper272.html.  Gentil-Beccot, A., Mele, S., & Brooks, T.C. (2009). Citing and reading behaviours in high-energy physics: How a community stopped worrying about journals and learned to love repositories. Scientometrics, 84(2), 345-355.  Ginsparg, P. (1994). First steps towards electronic research communication. Computers in Physics, 8(2), 390-396.  Hemminger, B.M., Lu, D., Vaughan, K.T.L., Adams, S.J. (2007). Information seeking behavior of academic students. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(14): 2205-2225.

43. References  Jamali, H.R. & Nicholas, D. (2006). Communication and information-seeking behaviour of research students in physicist and astronomy. ASIST Annual Conference, 3-8 November 2006, Austin, Texas.  Larivière, V., Sugimoto, C. R., Bergeron, P. (2013). In their own image? A comparison of doctoral students' and faculty members' referencing behavior. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64(5): 1045-1054.  Park, J. (2007). Motivations for web-based scholarly publishing: Do scientists recognize open availability as an advantage? Journal of Scholarly Publishing, 40(4): 343-369.  Suber, P. (2013). Open Access Overview. Retrieved from http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm (June 22, 2015).

44. Any Questions? Jackie Werner (jwerner3@gsu.edu)