3.  Production of goods moved from homes and small shops to factories  Made mass production (the production of goods in large quantities) possible  Changed society: child labor, crowded cities, wealthy and poor  Changed economy: mass production= more goods= more money

4.  Used coal and flowing water as energy sources for new machines  Spread to other nations

5.  After the American Revolution, trade was the main source of income  After the Embargo Act of 1807, trade stopped and even though it was repealed, many trade centers had shut down  During the war of 1812, trade stopped again as Britain blockaded the Atlantic coast  Americans were forced to change how they made money

6.  Couldn’t farm due to poor soil ◦ No demand for slavery  Had relied mostly on trade  Forced to start manufacturing goods  Textile mills grew rapidly in the North

7.  Interchangeable parts ◦ Identical parts that could be used in any specific item  Could make 10,000 muskets in 2 years  Gun shops could only make about 3,000 in 2 years

8. 1.How many bales of cotton were produced in 1790? 2.How many bales of cotton were produced in 1800? 3.What happened to the amount of slaves between 1790 and 1860?

9.  Cotton Gin (1793) ◦ Removed prickly cotton seeds from the valuable cotton fiber used to make thread and fabric ◦ This had been done by hand in the past  Allowed cotton to be produced faster and, therefore, more profitable (became the cash crop of the South)

10.  Slaves picked the cotton and fed the cotton through the machine  Slavery became entrenched in the South (it became the basis of the economy)

11.  Placing of the needs of one section of the nation (one region) over the needs of the whole nation North Cared about trade, manufacturing, and industry. No slavery South Cared about agriculture, cotton, and slavery

13.  Plan to unify the North and South  Proposed by Henry Clay  3 major points: 1.Improve transportation and communication 2.Establish protective tariff for American goods 3.Bring the National Bank back and create a single currency

14.  North would produce manufactured goods for the South and the South would provide the agricultural goods the North would need  With each region sustaining each other, the U.S. would be economically independent from Europe

15.  The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society ◦ (ex. buildings, roads, means of communication, and power supplies)

16. Railroads Canals Roads

17.  Railroads- fast, could cross any terrain, could operate in severe weather

18.  Linked Atlantic Ocean to Great Lakes  New York City became dominant port

19.  Connected Maryland to Illinois

21.  British goods had stockpiled during the War of 1812  After the war, the British sold these surplus goods for very cheap  No one was buying the more expensive American goods Made in Great Britain $25 $10

22.  Tariff= tax on foreign goods  Put a tax on the cheaper British goods would make their prices go up  Allowed U.S. goods to compete $25 $25 Made in Great Britain $10 + tariff

23.  North liked the tariff (needed to sell goods to make money)  South and West did not like the tariff (didn’t want to pay more for goods) but were convinced to accept it We like the tariff b/c it protects our economy! We don’t really like the tariff but it doesn’t really hurt us so whatever

24.  Second Bank of the U.S. was created  James Monroe became the 5 th President of the U.S.  U.S. entered the “Era of Good Feelings”

25. the belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns or the interests of other countries

26. Gibbons v. Ogden McCulloch v. Maryland

27.  Aaron Ogden ran a steamship between New York and New Jersey  Thomas Gibbons began to run a similar service  Ogden took Gibbons to court over the issue and a New York court ruled Ogden had exclusive rights to that route (meaning only he could use it.)

28.  The case went to the Supreme Court and the court ruled that New York’s ruling was not legal because only the Federal government could regulate interstate trade  This decision solidified that the federal government had the power to regulate anything that crosses state lines

29.  Maryland placed a heavy tax on the local branch of the Bank of the U.S. (B.U.S.) hoping it would fail (because they didn’t like the bank)  The Supreme Court ruled that states could not tax a federal entity and that the B.U.S. was constitutionally legal  Federal laws were supreme over state laws

31.  Treaty between U.S. and Great Britain  Agreed to reduce the size of each country’s naval fleet on the Great Lakes and demilitarize the border between the U.S. and British Canada

32.  Fixed U.S. border at the 49 th parallel  U.S. and Great Britain both control Oregon territory for 10 years

33.  Spain gave Florida to the U.S.

34.  Europeans defeated Napoleon in 1815  European countries wanted to retake their former colonies in Latin America  Russians were in Alaska and moving south to California

35.  President Monroe warned all European powers not to attempt to create new colonies or interfere with affairs in the western hemisphere  If they did, the U.S. would consider such action “dangerous to our peace and safety”