1. WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) : Wireless Broadband Networks 1

2. 行動通信標準演進 2

3. Evolution of Wireless Access Technologies 3 802.11n (smart antennas) 802.11 Mesh extns. Local Area Fixed Wide Area Mobile Coverage/Mobility Metro Area Nomadic 802.16 (Fixed LOS) 802.16a/d (Fixed NLOS) 802.11b/a/g Mobile Industry Fixed Wireless Industry 4G Air Interfaces Data Rates (kbps) 100,000 + 3GPP2 CDMA 2000-1X HRPDA 1x EVDO 1x EVDV Rel. C 1x EVDV Rel. D GSM UMTS HSPA GPRSEDGE LTE 3GPP MOBILE BROADBAND DSL Experience Dial Up Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit 802.16e (Mobile WIMAX)

4. WiMAX vs 3GPP 發展時程 4

5. Operator’s Service Stack 5 IMS Layer Application services Mobility, Policy and Administration Services EPC Core network Access technologies connection gateways Access Technologies WiMAXLTE DSLAM WiFi Devices

6. WiMAX Market Position 6 Mobile (GSM / GPRS / 3G /HSPA /LTE) Mobile (GSM / GPRS / 3G /HSPA /LTE) xDSL / FTTx

7. 現有無線接取技術比較 7 Technical Winner Market Winner = ?

8. 8 WiMAX 市場現況

9. 9 Source : Ovum 2008/12 Population penetration of mobile, fixed and broadband across Asia-Pacific

10. WiMAX Markets in Developed Country 10 Fix and Nomadic broadband access  Broadband Penetration > 50%  Broadband Infrastructure is Developed  vs. xDSL / FTTx No Significant Technical advantage except Nomadic Incumbent Operator cost advantage  High Initial CAPX needed Mobile (Voice & Data)  Mobile Voice Penetration : Saturation  Mobile Data Penetration : 20% ~80 %  vs. 3G / HSPA Narrow advantage in Bandwidth Great Disadvantage in Eco-System No Significant advantage in Cost & Price  High Initial CAPX needed Niche Market  Rural : Low ARPU  Bundle Service Triple play Killer Application ? WiMAX is Still Looking for Business Model

11. WiMAX Markets in Emerging Country 11 Fix and Nomadic broadband access  Broadband Penetration < 5%  Broadband Infrastructure is Low  vs. xDSL / FTTx Significant CAPX advantage Significant Deploying time advantage  Demand Growing Mobile (Voice & Data)  Mobile Voice Penetration : Growing rapidly (prepaid dominated)  Mobile Data Penetration : < 5%  vs. 3G / HSPA Narrow advantage in Bandwidth Great Disadvantage in Eco-System No Significant advantage in Cost & Price WiMAX Opportunity ?

12. Markets in Emerging Country 12 越南，胡志明市 具備 WiMAX 市場機會但卻選擇 3GPP 陣營

13. 台灣 WiMAX 產業鏈 13

14. 主要 WiMAX Vendors 市佔率 14 Source : 工研院 IEK 2010/3

15. 15 TOP5 WiMAX Vendors Strategy Source: Ovum 2009/9

16. Looking into WiMAX from Operator’s point of view WiMAX Market  In Developed Country  In Emerging Country  Top5 Vendors Strategy An Industry War 16

17. An Industry War 17

18. 3GPP 是市場主流 18

19. 19 IEEE std 802.16

20. 20 Standard Roadmap IEEE 802.16 - 2001 IEEE 802.16a/b/c - 2003  Amendments to 802.16-2001 IEEE 802.16 - 2004  Compatibility issue with HIPERMAN of ETSI  802.16d project  Replace previous standards  Fixed site access IEEE 802.16e, 16f - 2005 (amendment)  Extend to mobility  MIB IEEE 802.16g-2007(amendment)  Management Plane Procedures and Services IEEE 802.16j – 2008

21. 21 Features Broad Bandwidth  Up to 134.4Mbit/s  Transit over 50KM Typical Architecture  1 BS + n SSs  PMP or MESH Spectrums  From 2 to 66 GHz  NLOS and LOS Duplexing Techniques  TDD or FDD WiMAX Forum  Conformance and Interoperability

22. 22 Scope of Standard PHY SAP MAC SAP CS SAP Service-Specific Convergence Sublayer ( MAC CS ) Common Part Sublayer ( MAC CPS ) Security Sublayer ( MAC SS ) Physical Layer (PHY) MAC PHY Scheduliing Services QoS Parameters Bandwidth Allocation

23. 23 TDMA/OFDM/OFDMA

24. 24 IEEE 802.16j-2008 One MR-BS (Multi-hop Relay - Base Station) and many RS (Relay Station) Transparent mode  Only data are relayed via RS  Remove obstruction Non-Transparent mode  Expand service coverage  Both signaling and data are relayed via RS  Increase utilization/throughput

25. IEEE 802.16j WiMAX 25

26. IEEE 802.16j Configuration 26

27. Transparent RS 27

28. Non-Transparent RS 28

29. IEEE 802.16j Multi-hopTopology 29

30. 30 IEEE 802.16j Independent Scheduling Zones

31. 31 OFDMA Symbol and Transparent RS Frame

32. 32 OFDMA Symbol and Non-Transparent RS Frame

33. 33 Bandwidth Request: Store-and-Forward Mode

34. 34 Bandwidth Request: End-to-End Mode

35. Centralized vs Distributed Scheduling Centralized Scheduling  For small size of networks  Only BS to do bandwidth allocations Distributed Scheduling  For networks with hops greater than 2  Both RS and BS do bandwidth allocations 35

36. 36 Centralized Scheduling

37. 37 Distributed Scheduling

38. 38 Modules for Distributed Scheduling in BS/RS

39. 39 Classification & Addressing SSBS Uplink Downlink SFID SFID : Service Flow Identifier (32 bits) CID : Connection Identifier (16 bits)

40. 40 Scheduling Services Priority802.16-2004 ServiceType 802.16e-2005 ServiceType Typical Appcations 1stUGS T1/E1 transport VoIP without silence suppression 2ndertPSERT-VR VoIP with silence suppression 3rdrtPSRT-VR MPEG Video 4thnrtPSNRT-VR FTP with guaranteed minimum throughput 5thBE HTTP

41. 41 QoS ParamSet UGS ： Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate Maximum Latency Tolerated Jitter Uplink Grant Scheduling Type Request/Transmission Policy ERT-VR ： Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate Maximum Latency Uplink Grant Scheduling Type Request/Transmission Policy RT-VR ： Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate Maximum Latency Uplink Grant Scheduling Type Request/Transmission Policy NRT-VR ： Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate Traffic Priority Uplink Grant Scheduling Type Request/Transmission Policy BE ： Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate Traffic Priority Request/Transmission Policy QoS ParamSet

42. 42 Bandwidth Allocation Uplink Packet Scheduler (802.16 Frame Maker) CIDs & QoS-ParamSets INPUTOUTPUT UL-MAP UL-MAP :Uplink Map

43. 43 Summary of MAC and the undefined part of IEEE 802.16 INPUT OUTPUT

44. 44 Modulations & Channel Size Access Range: QPSK > QAM16 > QAM 64 Data Rate: QAM64 > QAM16 > QPSK US European Uplink Mandarory Downlink Mandarory

45. 45 Frame Durations with TDD Frame Structure 0.5/1/2 ms

46. 46 Number of PS in 16-QAM Frame duration = 1ms Signal (Baud) rate = 16 Mbauds/sec Data bit rate = 64 Mbps  4 bits in a signal (baud) using 16-QAM Number of PS  (64 Mbps x 1 ms) / 16 bits = 4000  Assume every PS = 16 bits