1. Tudor England 1485 - 1603

2. Characteristics of Tudor Rule Greatly increased royal power.Greatly increased royal power. Emergence of England as a world power.Emergence of England as a world power. Growth of English nationalism.Growth of English nationalism. Very popular among the English people.Very popular among the English people. Establishment of the Anglican church.Establishment of the Anglican church.

3. Henry VIII (1509-1547) King Henry VIII u Led the English Reformation u Greatly increased royal wealth by taking Church properties u Conquered Ireland u Built the first royal navy. u Laid the foundation for the British Empire

4. Edward VI (1547-1553) u Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour u Assumed throne at age 11. u Strengthened the Anglican Church. u Sickly most of his life. Died at age 16. u His half-sister Mary assumed the throne.

5. Execution of Lady Jane Grey

6. Mary I (1553-1557) “Bloody Mary” Devoutly Catholic. She re-established Catholicism in EnglandDevoutly Catholic. She re-established Catholicism in England Married her cousin King Philip II of SpainMarried her cousin King Philip II of Spain Acquired her nickname Bloody Mary because of the persecution and execution of Anglican leaders.Acquired her nickname Bloody Mary because of the persecution and execution of Anglican leaders. Died from stomach cancerDied from stomach cancer Succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth Succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth

7. The Elizabethan Age

8. ELIZABETH I (1558-1603) “The Virgin Queen” Led England to its greatest heightsLed England to its greatest heights Re-established the Anglican ChurchRe-established the Anglican Church Renaissance flourished under her rule.Renaissance flourished under her rule. Led the defeat of the Spanish ArmadaLed the defeat of the Spanish Armada Encouraged establishment of New World coloniesEncouraged establishment of New World colonies Never married. Tudor dynasty ended with her death in 1603.Never married. Tudor dynasty ended with her death in 1603.

9. The Execution of Mary Queen of Scots In 1585, an assassination plot was uncovered in which Elizabeth would be assassinated and her cousin Mary Stuart “Queen of Scots” would assume the English throne.In 1585, an assassination plot was uncovered in which Elizabeth would be assassinated and her cousin Mary Stuart “Queen of Scots” would assume the English throne. Mary was implicated and was found guilty of treasonMary was implicated and was found guilty of treason Elizabeth had her beheaded in 1587.Elizabeth had her beheaded in 1587. This led to attempted invasion of England by Spain the next yearThis led to attempted invasion of England by Spain the next year

10. DEFEAT OF THE SPANISH ARMADA 1588 u After Mary Queen of Scots was executed, Spanish king Phillip II ordered an invasion of England by the massive Spanish Armada. u A massive storm and the English navy destroyed or damaged most of the ships in the armada. u England power and prestige began dramatically increasing and it became master of the world’s seas. u Spanish power began to rapidly decline

11. The Stuart Dynasty 1603 - 1714 The Stuart Dynasty 1603 - 1714 With the death of Elizabeth the throne passed to her cousin James Stuart - King of Scotland who became King James I of England. He established the Stuart dynasty, which would reign for over a century.

12. Characteristics of Early Stuart Rule  Viewed as outsiders by the people  Unpopular with people and Parliament  Discriminated against Puritans and Catholics  Openly violated English law  Constantly feuded with Parliament  Claimed Divine Right

13. JAMES I (1603-1625)  Inability to understand English customs caused great unpopularity  Persecuted religious minorities forcing many to flee to the New World  Ordered the writing of the King James version of the Bible

14. CHARLES I (1625-1649)  Very arrogant toward Parliament  Constantly clashed with Parliament over money  Forced to sign Petition of Right in 1625 which reaffirmed the Magna Carta  Started a civil war against Parliament in 1642  Executed for Treason in 1649

15. OLIVER CROMWELL - “Lord Protector” 1649-1658  Defeated Charles I in the English Civil War  Had Charles executed in 1649  Abolished the Monarchy and formed a commonwealth  Named himself Lord Protector  Imposed his Puritan beliefs on the English people by imposing a strict moral code. Became widely hated  Died in 1658

16. Charles II – The Restoration 1660-1685 n Son of Charles I n When the monarchy was restored he returned from exile in France to rule. Habeas Corpus n Parliament passed Habeas Corpus in 1679 which limited the king’s power to jail opponents. n He restored many of the rights of the English people that had been outlawed under Cromwell’s rule. n He was succeeded by his brother James who became James II

17. James II and the Glorious Revolution 1685-1688 n Brother of Charles II. n Married a Catholic and converted to Catholicism. n Fought with Parliament over appointment of Catholics to high office n Had a Protestant daughter, Mary by a previous marriage. n He had a son by his second wife and announced that he would be raised a Catholic. n This led to fear of a Catholic takeover of the crown. n In 1688, James was forced to flee into exile in a bloodless revolution what became known as the “Glorious Revolution”

18. William and Mary 1689-1702 n Agreed to govern as co-rulers and to cooperate with Parliament. n Agreed with the English Bill of Rights which was passed in 1689. n Parliament created a Limited Monarchy which severely limited the power of the monarchy from that point forward. n Succeeded by Mary’s younger sister Anne after Williams death in 1702.

19. Anne I (1702 -1714) n Succeeded William and Mary as Queen. n Act of Union in 1707 was passed during her reign which united England, Scotland. n She left no heir to the throne thus ending the Stuart Dynasty. n A new dynasty the Hanover Dynasty was established and would rule England over the next century.