1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Followed the Agricultural Revolution Began in Great Britain – Factors of Production Land Coal Iron Ore Rivers – Provided transportation – Water Power Harbors – Encouraged trade

3. The Textile Industry – Weaving of Cloth Automatic machinery was used – Reason: Demand could not be met by hand.

4. Steam Engines, Iron & Steel – Early machines were driven by water Although effective it had problems – Had to be near water – Often this was not near the raw materials – Water varied from season to season

6. – The Steam Engine was invented Early machines exploded – Problem: Iron could not stand the high pressure Henry Bessemer – Developed an cheaper way to make steel – Called Bessemer Process

7. – Communication Samuel Morse – Morse Code

9. – The Factory System Machines made job easier Woman & Children could now work the same jobs

12. – The Middle Class Managers who kept the industries running emerged during this time – Capitalism A system where individuals or corporations control the means of production. – Corporations Business Groups where people can buy stock in the company Made it easier to raise money Shared Profits & Risks

13. Effects of the Industrial Revolution – Laissez Fair Economics Business allowed to operate without government regulation – Rise of Big Business To acquire money business owners sold stock or shares in their companies – New Class Structure Upper Class – very rich industrialists Upper Middle Class – business professionals, doctors lawyers Lower Middle Class Poor – factory workers & peasants

14. – Urbanization Move from small villages to big cities. – Working Conditions Factory work hours were long Child labor Many machines were dangerous – Improved Transportation Roads & Canals Steam Locomotive – RR Steam Engines powered ships

15. Competing Philosophies – Laissez Fair Capitalism – Social Darwinism – the rich are naturally selected – Social Reformism – belief that government should intervene to improve people’s lives – Socialism – concentrated on the interest of society. Believed capitalism had created to big a gap between rich & poor. Utopian Socialists – Belief that there should be no ownership of property – Everything is equally shared & worked.

16. Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels

17. Marxist Socialism – Karl Marx promoted a more radical theory. Marx & Friedrich Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto & explained: » History was a class struggle b/n capitalists & the working class (proletariat) » Capitalists took advantage of the proletariat to make profit. » The proletariat would eventually rise up & revolt. » The proletariat would take control of the means of production in a classless communist society. The difference b/n Communism & Capitalism, is who controls the means of production – Capitalism – individuals control it – Communism – the government controls it.