1. British Rule in India The Jewel in the British Imperial Crown

2. I. Review – Origins of British Colonial Control decline of the Mogul Empire British desire for trade goods map, p. 476 Chennai, Calcutta, Surat product - cotton goods Sir Robert Clive – chief representative of the East India Company in India strengthened British control by the late 1700s, the British were expanding their empire inland

3. II. British Colonial Rule direct rule through the office of the viceroy: a governor who ruled as a representative of the British monarch 3,500 people in govt. bureaucracy sepoys: Indian soldiers who protected the interests of the British East India company benefits? honest & efficient govt. stability school system established (but only for the children of the elites) improvements in infrastructure & communications

4. costs? destruction of local industries, especially the Indian textile industry zamindars abused their tax-collecting duties cultivation of cotton instead of food crops class hierarchy – the best jobs were reserved for Britons Indians were viewed as unequal to the British colonizers disrespect for sacred sites (Taj Mahal)

5. III. Sepoy Mutiny (1857) aka the First War of Independence cause? religious beliefs (Hindus & Muslims) 50 Europeans killed at outset of mutiny many atrocities on both sides disorganization & religious differences hampered the Indian efforts British troops restored control... & Queen Victoria became the Empress of India (1876)

6. IV. Indian Nationalism urban & educated leadership Indian National Congress (INC) formed in 1885 wanted a voice in government eventual goal: independence for all Indians difficulty in bridging the religious divide Mohandas Gandhi became the leader of the Indian independence mvt. chose nonviolent resistance as the method of change see primary source handout