1. New Land Renews Slavery Dispute Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Act Anti-Slavery Literature Focus on bolded and highlighted words Make sure that all the reading check questions are answered in your notes! If a law has multiple parts of terms, be sure to list each one! Know how the North and South felt about each issue separately! The Debate Over Slavery Chapter 15, Section 1 Notes

2. New Land Renews Slavery Dispute Missouri Compromise: Divided Louisiana Purchase at the 36’30 line into slave, below the line, and free, above the line, states. Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri was admitted as a slave state For the new Mexican cession territory, some senators wanted popular sovereignty – or allowing the people to choose – if the land should be slave or free Northerners – wanted slavery outlawed in Mexican Cession Southerners – wanted to extend slavery into those regions Sectionalism – favoring the interest of one section or region over the interest of the entire country

3. New Land Renews Slavery Dispute Anti-slavery Northerners formed the Free-Soil Party, which supported William Proviso, or document stating that slavery should not exist in any part of the territory Because of the California Gold Rush, the population in California boomed quickly, and could quickly apply for statehood When California applied, they wanted to be a free state This upset the South, because if California become a free state, it would upset the balance of power between the free and slave states

4. Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay came up with the Compromise of 1850 to settle the dispute over California CA would be a free state The rest of the Mexican Cession would use poplar sovereignty to decide salve or free Texas would give up its eastern lands and the government would pay off its debts Slave trade – but not slavery – would end in the nation's capital More effective and harsh fugitive slave law would be passed

5. Compromise of 1850 The South, led by Calhoun, rejected the plan and threatened to Secede (formally withdraw from Union) Northerners like Webster from Mass. Favored the plan Additions to the Compromise California would enter as a free state New Mexico and Utah territory would be decided on popular sovereignty

6. Fugitive Slave Act Fugitive Slave Act: made it a crime to help runaway slaves and allowed officials to arrest those slaves in free areas Slave holders could testify against fugitive slaves, but fugitive slaves could not defend themselves White people who helped could spend up to 6 months in jail or 1000 fine Commissioners who rejected a slaveholder’s claim got $5, but those who returned suspected fugitive slaves received $10 Reactions Thousands of African Americans in the North fled to Canada Northerners were outraged by African American recapture and return to South

7. Anti-Slavery Literature Slave stories educated Northerners about the horrors of slavery Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Anti-slavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe Written by white woman after interviewing many former slaves 1852 – Published Synopsis: Kindly slave is sold away from wife to a cruel master who ends up beating him to death Outraged the North and the South for different reasons 2 million copies were sold