1. CSCOPE UNIT 10 LESSON 02 Kingdoms of Life Characteristics

2. ARCHAE Major Characteristics Formerly called “Archaebacteria” Prokaryote Unicellular (one celled) Have cell wall (peptidoglycan) Autotroph or heterotroph Asexual reproduction

3. BACTERIA Major Characteristics Prokaryote Unicellular (one celled) Have cell wall (peptidoglycan) Autotroph or heterotroph Asexual reproduction Helpful and harmful

4. PROTISTA Major Characteristics Eukaryote Most unicellular Some colonial, some multicellular May have a cell wall (cellulose) Autotroph or heterotroph Asexual or sexual reproduction

5. FUNGI Major Characteristics Eukaryote Most multicellular, some unicellular Cell wall (chitin) Heterotroph Asexual or sexual reproduction

6. PLANTAE Major Characteristics Eukaryote Multicellular Cell wall (cellulose) Autotroph Asexual or sexual reproduction

7. ANIMALIA Major Characteristics Eukaryote Multicellular No cell wall Heterotroph Sexual reproduction

8. Prokaryotes: Eubacteria : “true bacteria” “true bacteria” Very diverse Very diverse

9. Examples of Eubacteria: Escherichia coli (E. coli) Steptococcus (Strep) Staphlococcus (Staph) Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus (MRSA)

10. Prokaryotes: Archaebacteria Name means “ancient.” Name means “ancient.” May be ancestors to eukaryotes May be ancestors to eukaryotes Look almost identical to eubacteria, but genetically are as different as animals and plants. Look almost identical to eubacteria, but genetically are as different as animals and plants. Inhabit extreme environments such as hot springs and salt ponds Inhabit extreme environments such as hot springs and salt ponds

11. Prokaryotes: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZskEUGRlqrI&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LoiInUoRMQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZskEUGRlqrI&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LoiInUoRMQ Extremeophiles: meaning they love extreme (hot, cold, salty, acidic) environments. Thermoacidophiles (Yellowstone) Hydrothermal vent (black smoker)

12. Plantae: Multicellular Make their food by photosynthesis 4 Types:  Non-vascular  Vascular without seeds  Seeded vascular- Gymnosperms  Flowering Plants- Angiosperms

13. Nonvascular Plants Mosses and liverworts  Lack vascular tissue (tubes for water flow)  That’s why they only grow close to the ground in wet areas!!

14. Nonvascular Plants Liverwort s Hornwor t Bryophyte Moss Liverworts

15. Vascular Plants Seedless vascular plants: Have tubes for water flow in stems. Have tubes for water flow in stems. Ferns Horsetail

16. Vascular Plants Seedless Ferns and Horsetails have spores instead

17. Vascular Plants Carboniferous period was dominated by seedless vascular plants. They are now the source of all our fossil fuels, such as oil and coal.

18. Vascular Seed plants Gymnosperms = “Naked-Seed” : Conifers, such as pines, fir and ginkgo trees and other plants with cones.

19. Vascular Seed Plants Likely evolved as Earth’s climate changed from warm and moist to hot and dry between 410 and 360 million years ago Evolutionally, have a number advantages over non-seed plants Can reproduce without free-standing water Pollination occurs when pollen is carried between plants of the same species by wind or insects; fertilization follows Seeds feed and protect developing plant embryos Seeds allow plants to colonize new places Often carried by wind, water, or animals

20. Flowering plants Angiosperm-“Clothed Seed” Seed is found within a protective chamber called a fruit- which is the ripened ovary of the flower.  (in contrast with bearing naked seeds in conifers)

21. Flowering plants

22. Most nuts are fruits too! Instead of becoming ripe and juicy, the ovary becomes hard and the seed becomes attached to it.

23. Evolutionary History of Plants