1. Section 6 cytokines

2. Chapter 1 introduction introduction

3. CYTOKINE (CK) Many critical interactions among cells of IS are controlled by soluble mediators (CK) Many critical interactions among cells of IS are controlled by soluble mediators (CK) A diverse group of intercellular signaling peptide and glycoproteins with small MW A diverse group of intercellular signaling peptide and glycoproteins with small MW

5. Several hundred have been identified to date Several hundred have been identified to date The source of CK The source of CK Immune cells – Immune cells – Other non-immune cells – some tumor cells

6. Be secreted by particular cell types in response to a variety of stimuli Be secreted by particular cell types in response to a variety of stimuli Produces characteristic effects on the growth, mobility, differentiation, or function of target cells Produces characteristic effects on the growth, mobility, differentiation, or function of target cells

7. Multiple functions Multiple functions  regulate immune and inflammatory responses  healing, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, et al

8. Potent compounds with low concentration Potent compounds with low concentration By binding to specific surface receptors on target cells By binding to specific surface receptors on target cells Produced locally by a variety of tissues and cells Produced locally by a variety of tissues and cells

10. Most CK act in paracrine or autocrine manner Most CK act in paracrine or autocrine manner Only a few CK act in endocrine manner Only a few CK act in endocrine manner

13. Classification lymphokines: the CK produced by lymphocytes lymphokines: the CK produced by lymphocytes monokines: the CK produced by monocytes or macrophages monokines: the CK produced by monocytes or macrophages

14. Complexity of effects may be secreted individually or coordinated response along with other, unrelated cytokines may be secreted individually or coordinated response along with other, unrelated cytokines Overlap extensively Overlap extensively Antagonistic Antagonistic

15. Overlap

16. coordinated

17. Antagonistic

19. Chapter 2 classification and biological activities of CK classification and biological activities of CK

20. classification interleukins interleukins tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor interferon interferon hematopoietic colony stimulationg factors hematopoietic colony stimulationg factors transforming growth factor transforming growth factor chemokines chemokines

21. Interleukins (IL) Been assigned a number Been assigned a number Mainly produced by leukocyte Mainly produced by leukocyte Some are produced by other cell populations Some are produced by other cell populations

22. IL-1 inflammation and fever inflammation and fever Promotes hematopoiesis Promotes hematopoiesis

23. IL-2 An autocrine and paracrine growth factor secreted by activated T cell An autocrine and paracrine growth factor secreted by activated T cell has very short half-life in the circulation, mainly autocrine and paracrine has very short half-life in the circulation, mainly autocrine and paracrine

24. IL-2 critical for activating all types of acquired immune responses critical for activating all types of acquired immune responses Be essential for clonal T cell proliferation Be essential for clonal T cell proliferation

25. IL-2 apoptosis of T cell after prolonged or repeated activation apoptosis of T cell after prolonged or repeated activation Two-edged sword that initiates IR but also limits their intensity and duration Two-edged sword that initiates IR but also limits their intensity and duration

26. IL-4 play a role in allergic diseases by promoting IgE production play a role in allergic diseases by promoting IgE production

27. tumor necrosis factor, TNF TNF-αand TNF-βTNF-αand TNF-β Induce hemorrhagic necrosis of certain tumorsInduce hemorrhagic necrosis of certain tumors Wasting syndrome (cachexia)Wasting syndrome (cachexia) Take part in IRTake part in IR

28. interferon, IFN IFN-  /  (type Ⅰ ) IFN-  /  (type Ⅰ ) and IFN-  (type Ⅱ ) and IFN-  (type Ⅱ ) antivirus anti-tumor type Ⅱ immune regulation---- type Ⅱ type Ⅰ

29. 干扰素的种类与来源 种类 产生细胞 α- 干扰素 单核吞噬细胞 I 型干扰素 β- 干扰素 成纤维细胞 γ- 干扰素 活化 T 、 NK 细胞 Ⅱ型干扰素

30. colony stimulating factor, CSF support the production of particular mature blood cell types from pluripotent stem cells or committed progenitors in the bone marrow support the production of particular mature blood cell types from pluripotent stem cells or committed progenitors in the bone marrow Granulocyte-CSF, G-CSF Granulocyte-CSF, G-CSF monocyte-CSF, m-CSF monocyte-CSF, m-CSF erythropoietin, EPO erythropoietin, EPO

32. Transforming growth factor, (GF ） As a growth factor for fibroblasts that promoted wound healing As a growth factor for fibroblasts that promoted wound healing As a negative regulator of immunity and hematopoiesis As a negative regulator of immunity and hematopoiesis

33. chemokines Chemoattractant activity for monocytes and neutrophiles Multifunctional Have little or no effect on cell proliferation

34. chemotaxis