1. Rocks and Minerals

2. Rocks vs. Minerals
Mineral: a solid pure substance in a crystalline form
Made of elements
Rock: made up of different minerals

3. Common types of minerals
Quartz: made of silicon and oxygen (glassy)
Feldspar: contains sparkling grains
Mica: grey flakes
Hornblende: dark flakes
= granite

4. Common Types of Minerals

5. Properties of Minerals
Colour
Lustre
Streak
Cleavage and Fracture
Hardness
Crystal structure

6. Colour Color of the mineral
Ex) minerals can take on different colours depending on the elements they are combined with

7. Lustre The shininess of the material
Depends on how light reflects off the surface

8. Streak The colour a mineral leaves when it scratches a porcelain tile
Ex) gold = leaves a gold trace
pyrite = greenish-black streak

9. Cleavage The way a mineral breaks apart when you crack it
Cleavage: breaks up into smooth surfaces and planes
Ex) mica breaks up into plates

10. Fracture
When minerals break into jagged edges
Ex) Quartz

11. Hardness A substance’s scratchability
Based on a scale called = Moh’s hardness scale
Ranges from 1-10 (pg. 355)
1 = softest (talc)
10 = hardest (diamond)

12. Hardness

13. Crystal Structure How the mineral is shaped (pg. 355)
Ex) cubic, triclinic, tetragonal