1. T HE S CIENTIFIC R EVOLUTION 1

2. O BJECTIVE To understand the causes of the scientific revolution of the 16 th and 17 th centuries To understand the ideas of key figures of the Scientific Revolution To understand the significance of the Scientific Revolution

3. E SSENTIAL Q UESTIONS 1. To what extent are revolutions necessary ? 2. How does a change in thought affect people? 3. How does the individual effect world events? 3 3

4. C AUSES OF THE S CIENTIFIC R EVOLUTION Trade and Expansion of Trade – navigational problems generated research Medieval Universities – study of Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy and Democritus were essential--> These guys were the “Classics” The Renaissance – value of mathematics – Humanism. – Printing Press

5. M EDIEVAL S CIENCE Not really “science” but accepted body of tradition Who supported this “tradition”? The Church and common sense

6. A NCIENT H ISTORY AND S CIENCE Maintained everything in heavens based on perfect spheres Saw Earth as central, within 9 crystalline ether spheres Believed sun, moon, stars embedded in ether Influenced by Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, others Sought mathematical predictions of planetary position Argued planets moved around sun in epicycles No physical structures in heavens Planets move in circular path around Earth AristolePtolemy 6

7. T HE P TOLEMAIC S YSTEM Geocentric Model Earth What is wrong about this diagram of the universe? How do YOU know that it is wrong?

8. T HE R OOTS OF M ODERN S CIENCE 8 The Medieval View Most knowledge in the Middle Ages comes from the Bible and Greek/Roman sources. Supports geocentric theory — moon, sun, planets REVOLVE AROUND THE EARTH

9. T HE R OOTS OF M ODERN S CIENCE A New Way of Thinking Renaissance prompts new ways of thinking (1300- 1600) Scientific Revolution—new way of viewing the natural world—based on observation and inquiry New discoveries, overseas exploration open up thinking Scholars make new developments in astronomy and mathematics. 9

10. A R EVOLUTIONARY M ODEL OF THE U NIVERSE 10 Galileo’s Discoveries He makes discovery about planets and planets surfaces Supports heliocentric theory Law of Pendulum and Rule of falling objects Challenged Aristotle’s previously held beliefs

11. C ONFLICT WITH THE C HURCH 11 Church attacks Galileo’s work, fears it will weaken people’s faith Pope forces Galileo to declare his and other new findings are wrong He could PROVE his beliefs with logic and common sense

12. E FFECT OF R EVOLUTION Social impact – rich get richer – not much immediate direct change for peasants – widens intellectual gap Effect on navigation, map making and artillery - Successful exploration and conquests Science has innumerable social effects over time: new guns, bigger armies, more taxes, social discontent – guns lead to European colonialism (more accurate cannon fire) New way of observing and looking at the world.