1. Aim: How did the geography of Rome affect its development?
Vocabulary:
peninsula
maritime
imperial
commodities
dominion
rampart
citadel

2. What geographic features made Italy a favorable site for civilization?

3. Peninsula: in the center of the Mediterranean Sea (Mare Nostrum)
Lowland valleys: good soil
Climate: rainy, cool winters, mild summers
Mountains: Alps in the north (protection) and climate shielded by Appenine Mountain spine
Natural resources: forests, copper, tin, iron, salt, marble and other building stone

4. Aim: Why did the Roman Republic Become an Empire?

5. The Geography of Rome

6. Italy in 750 BC

7. Influence of the Etruscans
Writing
Religion
The Arch

8. The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus

9. The Roman Republic: 509 – 27 B.C.

10. Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)

11. The Twelve Tables, 450 BC
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

12. The Roman Forum

13. Rome’s Early Road System

14. Roman Roads: The Appian Way

15. Roman Aqueducts

16. The Roman Colosseum

17. The Colosseum Interior

18. Circus Maximus

19. Carthaginian Empire

20. Hannibal’s Route

21. Marius: Leader of Populares Sulla: Leader of Optimates
Reform Leaders
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
The poor and military veterrans should be given grain and small plots of free land.
The Social Wars: B.C.
Marius: Leader of Populares
Sulla: Leader of Optimates
Proscriptions
Military Reformer

22. Civil War & Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey

23. Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC
The Die is Cast!

24. The First Triumvirate Caius Julius Caesar (Politician, Later General)
Marcus Licinius Crassus (The Banker)
Gnaeus Pompeius (General)

25. Beware the Ides of March! 44 BC

26. The Second Triumvirate
Octavian Augustus
Marc Antony
Marcus Lepidus

28. The Roman Empire
27 A.D A.D. (West) A.D. (East)

29. Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

30. The First Roman Dynasty

31. Pax Romana: 27 BC – 180 AD

32. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 AD

33. The Rise of Christianity

34. St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

35. The Spread of Christianity

36. Imperial Roman Road System

37. The Empire in Crisis: 3c

38. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 AD

39. Constantine: 312 – 337 AD

40. Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome”, or Nea Roma (330 AD)

41. Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

42. Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”

43. Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

44. The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

45. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

46. The Legacy of Rome Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering
Aqueducts
Sewage systems
Dams
Cement
Arch