1. Jump Start Turn in your Manifest Destiny chart to the tray OR a Burk Buck with your name and the assignment title Turn in your Manifest Destiny chart to the tray OR a Burk Buck with your name and the assignment title Get out your Reform Movement chart from last week Get out your Reform Movement chart from last week 1 st and 4 th : We have not used it but you should still have it 1 st and 4 th : We have not used it but you should still have it

2. Reform Era:Reform Era: Temperance, Education, Women’s Suffrage, Prisons and Care for the Mentally Ill, Abolitionism Reform Era:

3. Reform Movements Review Temperance Organized because consumption of alcohol significantly increased & caused social problems Organized because consumption of alcohol significantly increased & caused social problems Goal was to encourage moderation in the consumption of alcohol Goal was to encourage moderation in the consumption of alcohol Their demands led to experiments with more strict laws Their demands led to experiments with more strict laws The Civil War stalled the movement The Civil War stalled the movement Women’s Rights Status of women remained similar to what it had been during the colonial era Status of women remained similar to what it had been during the colonial era Seneca Falls Convention: women wrote a document modeled after the Declaration of Independence Seneca Falls Convention: women wrote a document modeled after the Declaration of Independence Went over a list of complaints and ended with a demand for rights Went over a list of complaints and ended with a demand for rights The movement was ridiculed and women did not gain suffrage until 1920 The movement was ridiculed and women did not gain suffrage until 1920 BUT women did gain more rights when it came to property and wages BUT women did gain more rights when it came to property and wages

4. Reform Movements Review Education Schooling was costly and religiously based Schooling was costly and religiously based Parents were considered primary educators Parents were considered primary educators Horace Mann promoted PUBLIC SCHOOLS as the only way to EQUALIZE SOCIETY Horace Mann promoted PUBLIC SCHOOLS as the only way to EQUALIZE SOCIETY Argued that it was impossible for educated people to remain permanently poor Despite reformers efforts, public school conditions were poor: Despite reformers efforts, public school conditions were poor: Lacked funding, books, and equipment Teachers were poorly paid and often poorly prepared Public schools did not become well established until AFTER the Civil War Public schools did not become well established until AFTER the Civil War Prisons/Disabilities Colonial prisons were used as holding places Colonial prisons were used as holding places Reformers argued that society would benefit more from rehabilitating prisoners than punishing them Reformers argued that society would benefit more from rehabilitating prisoners than punishing them Before the 1800’s, the mentally ill were kept at home or imprisoned Before the 1800’s, the mentally ill were kept at home or imprisoned Dorothea Dix led the reform movement for the mentally ill Dorothea Dix led the reform movement for the mentally ill 20 states adopted laws to improve conditions 20 states adopted laws to improve conditions 32 new hospitals were built due to her efforts

5. Reformers began asking “how can America, ‘the land of the free’, still allow slavery” Reformers began asking “how can America, ‘the land of the free’, still allow slavery” Abolitionists were people who wanted to end slavery regardless of this economic dependence Abolitionists were people who wanted to end slavery regardless of this economic dependence Both whites and African Americans were abolitionists Both whites and African Americans were abolitionists Although the North profited from plantation systems and slavery, some white Northerners joined the Abolitionist Movement Although the North profited from plantation systems and slavery, some white Northerners joined the Abolitionist Movement Both were able to change the way Northerners viewed slavery Both were able to change the way Northerners viewed slavery BUT slavery continued for another 30 years BUT slavery continued for another 30 years Reform Movements Review

6. The Road to the American Civil War- Day 1

7. Early Attempts to Contain Slavery: REVIEW 1820: Missouri Compromise divides the nation at the 36 30’ parallel –Slavery is prohibited above the line –Slavery is allowed below the line

8. #1 The Wilmot Proviso Wilmot Proviso (1848): Attempted to prohibit slavery in the territory acquired from the Mexican War DID NOT pass but created the Free Soil Party –Dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery

9. #2 The Compromise of 1850 Used to settle the debate over California statehood 1.California admitted as free state 2.Congress would not interfere with slavery in the Mexican Cession 3.Fugitive Slave Act was passed A stronger law to help slaveholders recapture runaway slaves Henry Clay = The Great Compromiser

10. The Compromise of 1850

11. #3 The Fugitive Slave Act (1850) Allowed southerners to recover escaped slaves in the North Northerners resisted the law –Required their help or they would be fined for not complying Southern slave catchers in the North brought the issue closer to home for Northerners

12. #4 Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852): published by Harriet Beecher Stowe –made slavery a moral issue Increased anti-slavery feelings in the North Southerners are angered by the “lies” about slavery

13. The Road to the American Civil War- Day 2

14. # 5 Kansas Nebraska Act (1854) Congressman Stephen Douglas wants a railroad through Nebraska Territory –South is against since it will not benefit them Creates Kansas-Nebraska Act as a compromise: 1.Nebraska Territory split in 2 = Kansas AND Nebraska 2.Popular sovereignty (citizens vote to decide) will decide if these new states will be slave or free Goes against the Missouri Compromise Southerners agree and repeal the Missouri Compromise http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUOpYRxWI30

15. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

16. Kansas Nebraska Act (1854) Voters will decide if Kansas will be a free or slave state Both sides rush to occupy Kansas in order to gain a majority 1855: Proslavery supporters gained the majority –The Kansas legislature was now packed with pro-slavery representatives Abolitionists elect their own anti- slavery legislature in Topeka –Boycotted the official government Both sides began to arm themselves for conflict

17. Kansas Nebraska Act (1854) Angry abolitionist John Brown and his sons decided to fight back –Hacked 5 proslavery men in front of their families at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas Civil war broke out in Kansas and continued for 3 years –Known as Bleeding Kansas

18. Bleeding Kansas

19. The Rise of New Political Parties The “Know Nothing” Party Nativist party They are anti-immigrant, anti- Catholic, dislike Blacks, and support slavery Disappeared quickly as a national party Northern and Southern branches could agree on the issue of slavery Republican Party Grew out of problems dealing with the Kansas- Nebraska Act All members are located from the north They want to keep slavery from expanding into near the west They fear slavery will replace free white labor because slaves are not paid

20. The Road to the American Civil War- Day 3

21. #6 Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott- a slave who moved from a slave state to free states 1856: Scott sues for his freedom after his owner dies Dred Scott vs. Sanford (1857): the Supreme Court ruled that slaves are not citizens and cannot file a lawsuit –Also rules that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories North is convinced that the South is attempting to spread slavery

22. John Brown’s Raid October 1859 John Brown hoped to inspire a slave rebellion Tried to capture weapons at a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia Slaves do not rush to join and he is captured and hung Northerners look at him as a hero Southerners worry that more like Brown are coming to the South

23. Enter Abraham Lincoln Illinois congressmen and lawyer who opposes the expansion of slavery –Took a moral stance against slavery Nominated by Illinois Republicans to challenge Stephen Douglas for Congress –“a house divided by itself will not stand”

24. The Lincoln and Douglas Debates LINCOLN: believed in was the government’s job to stop the expansion DOUGLAS: believed popular sovereignty was the best way to decide Douglas won re-election BUT Lincoln became a national figure as a result of the debates

25. The Election of 1860 Democrats nominate Douglas Republicans nominate Lincoln South threatens to secede if Lincoln wins Lincoln is elected as the 16 th president –North had a much larger population Southerners feared Lincoln was going to end slavery –Lincoln only wanted to stop it from spreading

26. The Confederate States of America On December 20, 1860, South Carolina becomes the first state to secede –Followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas within the next 6 weeks South formed the Confederate States of America –Elected Jefferson Davis as their president