1. Welcome!

2. Mofijur Rahman Lecturer in English B.A(Hons),M.A in English Shaildah Bakpur Senior Madrasah,Chitalmari,Bagerhat Phone-01736-288661:email- mofijurrahman01736@gmail.com

3. Class-xii Outcome of the learning At the end you will have the -  Idea & conception  Kinds  Structures  Exercise  Use in our life - about Voice Topic: Voice

4. Idea &Conception  The form of a verb showing the subject to perform the work, is the active voice.  The form of a verb showing the work is affected by subject, is passive voice.

5. Active Active Voice-Bangabandhu declares the independence.

6. Active Subject- Bangabandhu Verb-declares ( affects the work) Object-the independence

7. Passive The art was given by him. The art →affected into subject Was given → be +v 3 By → preposition Him → object from subject

8. So, Structure of + + She + feeds + the child object Subject verb Active voice-

9. Subject from object + auxiliary (existing/naught) +be (am/is/are/was/were/been/being) +V 3 (past participle of principal verb) +by ( preposition-in/at/with/for..) +object from subject Passive voice

10. Change of Subject ↔ object I - me We - us You - you He - him She - her It - it They - them

11. Exercise Active - I drive a car Structure - subject verb object Passive - A car is driven by me Structure - subject be v3 by object more ………….

12. Next →Present Tense a)He writes a letter. →A letter is written by him. b)She is preparing tea. →Tea is being prepared by her. c)They have played cricket. →Cricket has been played by them. d)We have been cutting trees. →Trees have been being cut by us.

13. Past Tense a)I took tea. →Tea was taken by me. b)We were solving it. →It was being solved by us. c)You had served us. →We had been served by you. d)Raj had been performing the act. →The act had been being performed by Raj.

14. Future Tense a)They will make cakes. →Cakes will be made by them. b)He will be catching fishes. →Fishes will be being caught by them. c)You will have met us. →We will have been met by you. d)She will have been driving the car. →They car will have been being driven by her.

15. Exceptional preposition in voice known → to surprised→ with sb filled → with surprised→ at sth seized → with worried →about Covered → with shocked→ with sb Annoyed→ with sb shocked →at sth Annoyed→ at sth contained→ in Pleased→ with sb Pleased→ at sth

16. Quasi-passive a)Honey tastes sweet. →Honey is tasted sweet. b)The cow is milking. →The cow is being milked. c)The book reads well. →The book sounds well when it is read. d)Milk turns sour. →Milk is turned sour.

17. Voice of Infinitive, clause & reflexive pronoun a)He decided to leave the job. →He decided the job to be left. b)I know that honesty is the best policy. →It is known to me that honesty is the best policy. c)Mina killed herself. →Mina was killed by herself.

18. Miscellaneous(guess the subject) a)English is spoken all over the world →People speak English all over. b)The house was burnt. →Fire burnt the house. c)The tree was uprooted. →Storm uprooted the tree. d)The thief was caught. →Police caught the thief.

19. Evaluation a)We made him chairman. b)They call it Laurel c)We select her captain. d)People made him chairman. e)The poet tittles it “The sea man”. Single work Marks:-5 Time:-5minutes

20. Group work Discuss and change the following voices:- a)The boy pleased her. b)He has pulled down the curtain. c)I am looked after by my uncle. d)Shirley paid the bill. e)He is thought to be a teacher. Group by threes Marks:10 Time:10 minutes

21. Group work f)We ought to obey our parents. g)The news shocked her. h)One should keep one’s promise. i)The old sailor saw a ship coming towards them. j)I shall do the work.

22. Home work Question: Take down the idea, kinds,structures, practical use of voice in berief.

23. OK,. Good bye,all the best.