1. Tariffs, 2 nd Bank and Secession  EQ: How did Jackson’s actions in reference to the idea of secession delay a civil war?

2. Tariffs  Many lands had been acquired by time Andrew Jackson became President.  Tariffs – taxes on imported goods – became an issue  Revenue tariff – used to raise money, like sales tax. These taxes are usually low.  Protective tariff – to persuade people to buy goods in their own country instead of purchasing foreign- made products. These are high taxes that protect American companies.

3. Protective tariff vs. no tariff $2.50 to produce in Britain $1.00 profit + = $3.50 Tariff 40% + = $4.90 $3.00 to produce in the U.S. $1.00 profit + = $4.00 = Cheaper for products made in the U.S. – encourages people to buy American products

4. Tariffs  Northerners supported high tariffs because the American manufacturers sell their products at a lower price than imported goods. Factories & manufacturers were in the North  The South did not support high tariffs because its economy depended on foreign trade. They needed foreign products

5. Tariff of Abominations  Tariff of Abominations – a law passed that raised the tariffs on raw materials and manufactured goods. Southerners were outraged They had to sell their cotton at low prices  The state of South Carolina threatened to secede, or leave the Union (United States), because of the Tariff of Abominations. They were upset – bad for the economy

6. Doctrine of Nullification  John Calhoun did not want S. Carolina to leave the Union so he passed the Doctrine of Nullification - This said a state had a right to nullify, or reject, a federal law that it considers unconstitutional Calhoun believed Congress had no right to pass a tariff that helped only 1 section of the country

7. Secession  Secession – withdrawal from the Union  South Carolina threatened to withdraw (or leave) the United States of America if the federal government tried to collect the tariffs.  WHY? S. Carolina believed the tariffs were too high.

8. Civil War Avoided?  Jackson– responded to S.C.’s threat by asking Congress for permission to collect the tariff’s by force (using the Army).  Jackson also supported a new bill to lower the tariffs; it was a compromise to end the stalemate with South Carolina.  South Carolina tried to get other states to support its position, but none did; the crisis subsided.  The Civil War almost started in 1833, instead of 1860

9. Second Bank of the U.S.  Founded in 1816, the Second Bank of the U.S. was opposed by Jackson (he called the bank, “The Monster”.) He vetoed a bill set to renew the charter of the bank in 1832, and Congress could not get the needed votes to override it.  Congress wanted the Bank’s Charter to continue, but Jackson despised it; he used the battle to get reelected in 1832 as Jackson was very popular.

10. Interpret this cartoon Which of the following best describes the artist’s attitude about Jackson? A.Jackson should be King. B.Jackson is a strong leader. C.Jackson has vetoed too many bills. D.Jackson is behaving more like a king than an elected leader.

11. Election of 1836  Jackson served 2 terms – was very popular  Jackson’s vice-president, Martin Van Buren became the 8 th President of the U.S.  A few months after Van Buren took office a panic (fear) about the economy spread.  Panic of 1837 - a widespread fear about the state of the economy

12. Depression  People took their paper money to the banks and demand gold or silver.  The banks could not pay the people  The banks went bankrupt.  Depression – severe economic slump  Van Buren’s Presidency marked by depression; was not marked with man advances or achievements.

13. President Review 1. George Washington 2. John Adams 3. Thomas Jefferson 4. James Madison 5. James Monroe 6. John Quincy Adams 7. Andrew Jackson 8. Martin Van Buren

14. Election of 1840  Henry Clay and Daniel Webster argued that the government needed to help the economy Van Buren disagreed – would not help Many Americans blamed Martin Van Buren for the Panic  Clay, Webster, and Jackson opponents formed the Whig Party for the election of 1840

15. Election of 1840  The Whig Party was named after a British Party & they did not support A. Jackson  The Whigs opposed all the power the chief executive (the President) has  The Whigs chose William Henry Harrison for President and John Tyler for Vice President Harrison was a war hero

16. Harrison dies in office  William Henry Harrison became the 9 th President of the United States Died of pneumonia one month after being inaugurated  John Tyler, Harrison’s Vice President, took Harrison’s place after he died – becoming the 10 th President of the United States.

17. Let’s Review… Presidents… 1. George Washington 2. John Adams 3. Thomas Jefferson 4. James Madison 5. James Monroe 6. John Quincy Adams 7. Andrew Jackson 8. Martin Van Buren 9. William Henry Harrison 10. John Tyler